تأثیر 12 هفته تمرین مقاومتی با کش الاستیک بر سطوح سرمی عامل تمایز رشد 11، میوستاتین و مقاومت به انسولین در زنان سالمند دارای اضافه وزن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: عامل تمایز رشد 11 (GDF11) و میوستاتین (عامل تمایز رشد 8) با بیشتر بیماری‌ها و اختلالات مزمن دوران سالمندی ارتباط دارند. با اینکه این دو عامل شباهت‌های ساختاری و مسیرهای پیام‌رسانی مشابهی دارند، اما می‌توانند نقش و عملکرد متفاوتی داشته باشند و یافته‌های موجود دربارة تأثیر آنها بر بازسازی عضلات تحلیل‌رفته طی سالمندی متناقض است. GDF11 در بازسازی عضلات اسکلتی، مقابله با تضعیف عضلانی ناشی از پیری، تنظیم هومئوستاز سوخت‌وسازی و تعادل انرژی نقش دارد. از طرف دیگر، میوستاتین که بیشتر توسط عضلات اسکلتی ترشح می‌شود، در مهار پاسخ هیپرتروفیک عضلانی (تنظیم منفی تودة عضلات) و تعدیل فرایندهای سوخت‌وسازی نقش دارد. همچنین افزایش بیان آن با چاقی و مقاومت به انسولین همبستگی دارد. با توجه به تأثیر احتمالاً مفید تمرین مقاومتی با کش الاستیک بر این متغیرها، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر 12 هفته تمرین مقاومتی با کش الاستیک بر سطوح سرمی عامل تمایز رشد 11، میوستاتین و مقاومت به انسولین در زنان سالمند دارای اضافه وزن انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: 28 زن سالمند دارای اضافه وزن با میانگین سنی 69/4±04/74 سال و نمایة تودة بدنی 35/3±21/28 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع بر اساس معیارهای ورود به پژوهش انتخاب شدند و سپس به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه تمرین (14 نفر) و کنترل (14 نفر) قرار گرفتند. تمرین مقاومتی با کش الاستیک به مدت 12 هفته (سه روز در هر هفته) توسط گروه تمرین اجرا شد. نمونه‌گیری خون در 24 ساعت پیش از نخستین جلسة تمرین و نیز 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسة تمرینات انجام گرفت. سطوح سرمی GDF11، میوستاتین، انسولین و گلوکز با کیت‌های معتبر آزمایشگاهی اندازه‌گیری شد. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با آزمون آنووای دوطرفه با اندازه‌گیری‌های مکرر و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخة 25 و در سطح معناداری کمتر از پنج‌صدم انجام گرفت.
نتایج: پس از 12 هفته تمرین مقاومتی با کش الاستیک، بین دو گروه تمرین و کنترل تفاوت معناداری در متغیرهای GDF11، BMI و WHR مشاهده نشد (05/0P>)، اما سطوح سرمی میوستاتین (027/0P=)، شاخص مقاومت به انسولین (045/0P=) و درصد چربی بدن آزمودنی‌ها (023/0P=) به‌طور معناداری کاهش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: گمان می‌رود کاهش سطح میوستاتین پس از 12 هفته تمرین مقاومتی با کش الاستیک که با کاهش مقاومت به انسولین و درصد چربی بدن آزمودنی‌ها همراه بود، می‌تواند تأثیر مثبتی بر تودة عضلانی و هومئوستاز انرژی زنان سالمندان دارای اضافه وزن داشته باشد. همچنین در پژوهش‌های آتی وابسته به GDF11 لازم است تا نوع، مدت و شدت تمرین و نیز روش‌های اندازه‌گیری با بررسی و دقت بیشتری انتخاب شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of elastic band resistance training on serum levels of growth differentiation factor 11, myostatin, and insulin resistance in overweight elderly women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Azamian Jazi
  • Elias Abdellah
Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8) are related to most diseases and chronic disorders in elderly population. Even though these two factors have similar structural and signaling pathways, they can have different functions, and the available information about their effects on the regeneration of degenerated muscles during old age is contradictory. GDF11 plays a role in skeletal muscle regeneration, combating aging-induced muscle loss, and regulating metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. On the other hand, myostatin, mainly secreted by skeletal muscles, plays a role in inhibiting muscle hypertrophic response (negative regulation of muscle mass) and modulating metabolic processes. Also, its increased expression is related to obesity and insulin resistance. Considering the beneficial effect of resistance training on these variables, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of elastic band resistance training on the serum levels of growth differentiation factor 11, myostatin, and insulin resistance in overweight elderly women.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight overweight elderly women with an average age of 74.04 ± 4.69 years and a body mass index of 28.21 ± 3.35 kg/m2 were selected based on the inclusion criteria and then randomly divided into exercise (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups. Subjects in training group performed 12 weeks of Elastic band resistance training, 3 days per week. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session; and were analyzed for serum levels of GDF11, myostatin, insulin, and glucose. All data were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures of ANOVA and using SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of P<0.05.               
Results: After 12 weeks of elastic band resistance training, there were no significant differences in GDF11, BMI, and WHR variables between the two training and control groups (p>0.05), though, the serum levels of myostatin (P=0.027), insulin resistance index (P=0.045) and body fat percentage (P=0.023) decreased significantly.
Conclusion: It seems that the decrease in the level of myostatin following elastic band training, which was associated with a reduction in insulin resistance and body fat percentage, can have a positive effect on the muscle mass and energy homeostasis of overweight elderly women. Also, in future studies related to GDF11, it is necessary to select the type, duration, and intensity of exercise as well as measurement methods with more scrutiny and accuracy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elderly
  • Resistance Training
  • GDF11
  • Myostatin
  • Insulin Resistance

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 20 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1403

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