تاثیر شناوری در آب سرد پس از فعالیت ورزشی اسنتریک پاسخ های رشدی، التهابی و آسیب عضلانی عضله اسکلتیFHL موش های صحرایی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان

2 ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﻬﺸتی

چکیده

هدف:شناوری در آب سرد برای سرعت بخشیدن به بازیافت پس از تمرینات شدید و آسیب زا مورد توجه ورزشکاران قرارگرفته است. با توجه به اهمیت سلول های ماهواره ای و نقش پاسخ های التهابی در روند ترمیم، هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر شناوری در آب سرد پس از فعالیت ورزشی اسنتریک بر بیان ژن MyoD به عنوان شاخص فعال سازی سلول های ماهواره ای ،CK به عنوان شاخص غیر مستقیم آسیب و  IL-6 و IL-10 بعنوان شاخص های التهابی در موش های نر بود. روش شناسی: 30 سر موش جوان سالم ونژاد ویستار (دامنه وزنی 10±300 گرم) به طور تصادفی درپنج گروه شش تایی به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. طرح تحقیق تجربی بود و آزمودنی ها پروتکل فعالیت ورزشی اسنتریک به مدت 90 دقیقه را اجرا کردند. دو گروه دروهله های زمانی 3 و 48 ساعت بازیافت از فعالیت به همراه 10 دقیقه شناوری در آّب سرد و دو گروه با همان دوره های زمانی بازیافت بدون  شناوری در آب سرد و یک گروه به عنوان کنترل بررسی شدند. تغییرات بیان ژن MyoD در عضله اسکلتی FHL و سطوح سرمی CK، IL-6 و IL-10در چهار گروه مقایسه شد. داده های بیان ژن با نرم افزار Rest و داده های سرمی با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد mRNA MyoD در گروه سه ساعت پس از فعالیت ورزشی اسنتریک همراه با شناوری در آب سرد افزایش یافت و سطوح IL-6 و IL-10 در این گروه نسبت به گروه سه ساعت بعداز فعالیت اسنتریک بدون شناوری در آب سرد کاهش معنی دار داشتند ولی تغییرات CK معنی دار نبود.تغییر معنی داری در mRNA MyoD و Ck, IL-6, IL-10 سرمی در 48 ساعت پس از فعالیت اسنتریک همراه با شناوری مشاهده نشد.  نتیجه گیری: بر اساس یافته های این تحقیق احتمالا  استفاده از آب سرد در زمان بازیافت موجب فعال سازی سلول های ماهواره ای و کاهش پاسخ های التهابی درفاز اولیه آسیب پس از فعالیت ورزشی اسنتریک می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of cold water immersion after eccentric exercise on myogenic, inflammatory and muscle damage responses In FHL skeletal muscle in rats

چکیده [English]



Purpose: cold water immersion is considered to accelerate the recovery from damaging exercise for athletes. Given
the importance of satellite cells and the role of inflammatory responses in regeneration process, the purpose of this
study was to investigate the effect of cold water immersion on MyoD gene expression as an activation marker of
satellite cells, CK as an indirect marker of damage and IL-6, IL-10 as inflammatory markers after eccentric exercise
in male rats. Methods: 30 young and healthy male Wistar rats (Weight range= 300±10) were assigned randomly in
5 groups each consisting of 6 subjects. It was an experimental research and subjects participated in eccentric
exercise protocol (90min). Then they were compared in tow groups with and without cold water immersion
(10min), in 3 and 48 hours after exercise in changes of MyoD gene expression in FHL skeletal muscle and the level
of serum CK,IL-6 and IL-10. We used Rest software for analyzing MyoD gene expression and independent T test
for analyzing serum data's. Results: Results showed that mRNA MyoD has been increased three hours after
eccentric exercise in cold water immersion group and the level of IL-6, IL-10 decreased significantly in that group
in compare with the group of three hours after eccentric exercise without cold water immersion. There is no
significant change in CK. There was no significant changes in mRNA MyoD and serum CK,IL-6,IL-10 in 48 hour
after eccentric exercise and cold water immersion. Conclusion: Based on findings of the present study, cold water
during recovery may cause the activation of satellite cells and decrease the inflammatory responses after eccentric
exercise in early phase of damage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • damaging exercise
  • satellite cells
  • cold water immersion
  • inflammation
  1. Fornaro, M., et al. , (2013), Mechano Growth Factor peptide (MGF) has no apparent effect on muscle myoblasts or primary muscle stem cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.
  2. Mackey, A.L., et al., (2011), Strength training increases the size of the satellite cell pool in type I and II fibres of chronically painful trapezius muscle in females. J Physiol. 589(Pt 22): p. 5503-15.
  3. Matheny, R.W., Jr., B.C. Nindl, and M.L. Adamo, (2010), Minireview: Mechano-growth factor: a putative product of IGF-I gene expression involved in tissue repair and regeneration. Endocrinology. 151(3): p. 865-75.
  4. Spangenburg, E. and F. Booth, (2001), Invited editorial on Myogenic satellite cells: physiology to molecular biology. J Appl Physiol (1985). 91(2): p. 533.
  5. Hawke, T.J. and D.J. Garry, (2001), Myogenic satellite cells: physiology to molecular biology. J Appl Physiol (1985). 91(2): p. 534-51.
  6. Jensen, J.H., et al., (201)2, Gene expression profiling of porcine skeletal muscle in the early recovery phase following acute physical activity. Exp Physiol. 97(7): p. 833-48.
  7. Grubb, A., et al., (2014), IGF-1 colocalizes with muscle satellite cells following acute exercise in humans. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 39(4): p. 514-8.
  8. Kawai, M., et al., (2013), Muscle satellite cells are activated after exercise to exhaustion in Thoroughbred horses. Equine Vet J. 45(4): p. 512-7.
  9. Dreyer, H.C., et al., (2006), Satellite cell numbers in young and older men 24 hours after eccentric exercise. Muscle Nerve. 33(2): p. 242-53.
  10. van de Vyver, M. and K.H. Myburgh, (2012), Cytokine and satellite cell responses to muscle damage: interpretation and possible confounding factors in human studies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 33(3-4): p. 177-85.
  11. Paulsen, G., et al., (2012), Leucocytes, cytokines and satellite cells: what role do they play in muscle damage and regeneration following eccentric exercise? Exerc Immunol Rev. 18: p. 42-97.
  12. Toth, K.G., et al., (2011), IL-6 induced STAT3 signalling is associated with the proliferation of human muscle satellite cells following acute muscle damage. PLoS One. 6(3): p. e17392.
  13. Tomiya, A., et al., (2004), Myofibers express IL-6 after eccentric exercise. Am J Sports Med. 32(2): p. 503-8.
  14. Akira, S., T. Taga, and T. Kishimoto,( 1993), Interleukin-6 in biology and medicine. Adv Immunol. 54: p. 1-78.
  15. Jonsdottir, I.H., et al., (2000), Muscle contractions induce interleukin-6 mRNA production in rat skeletal muscles. J Physiol. 528 Pt 1: p. 157-63.
  16. Cornish, S.M. and S.T. Johnson, (2014), Systemic cytokine response to three bouts of eccentric exercise. Results Immunol. 4: p. 23-9.
  17. Smith, L.L., et al., (2007), Changes in serum cytokines after repeated bouts of downhill running. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 32(2): p. 233-40.
  18. Armstrong, R.B., R.W. Ogilvie, and J.A. Schwane, (1983), Eccentric exercise-induced injury to rat skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 54(1): p. 80-93.
  19. Charge, S.B. and M.A. Rudnicki, (2004), Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. Physiol Rev. 84(1): p. 209-38.
  20. Bieuzen, F., C.M. Bleakley, and J.T. Costello, (2013), Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 8(4): p. e62356.
  21. Duffield, R., (2008), Cooling interventions for the protection and recovery of exercise performance from exercise-induced heat stress. Med Sport Sci. 53: p. 89-103.
  22. Goodall, S. and G. Howatson, (2008), The effects of multiple cold water immersions on indices of muscle damage. J Sports Sci Med. 7(2): p. 235-41.
  23. Howatson, G., S. Goodall, and K.A. van Someren, (2009), The influence of cold water immersions on adaptation following a single bout of damaging exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 105(4): p. 615-21.
  24. Yamane, M., et al., (2006), Post-exercise leg and forearm flexor muscle cooling in humans attenuates endurance and resistance training effects on muscle performance and on circulatory adaptation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 96(5): p. 572-80.
  25. White, G.E. and G.D. Wells, (2013), Cold-water immersion and other forms of cryotherapy: physiological changes potentially affecting recovery from high-intensity exercise. Extrem Physiol Med. 2(1): p. 26.
  26. White, G.E., S.G. Rhind, and G.D. Wells, (2014), The effect of various cold-water immersion protocols on exercise-induced inflammatory response and functional recovery from high-intensity sprint exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 114(11): p. 2353-67.
  27. Bailey, D.M., et al., (2007), Influence of cold-water immersion on indices of muscle damage following prolonged intermittent shuttle running. J Sports Sci. 25(11): p. 1163-70.
  28. Burke, D.G., et al., (2001), Effects of Hot or Cold Water Immersion and Modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Flexibility Exercise on Hamstring Length. J Athl Train. 36(1): p. 16-19.
  29. Begue, G., et al., (2013), Early activation of rat skeletal muscle IL-6/STAT1/STAT3 dependent gene expression in resistance exercise linked to hypertrophy. PLoS One. 8(2): p. e57141.
  30. Heinemeier, K.M., et al., (2012), GH/IGF-I axis and matrix adaptation of the musculotendinous tissue to exercise in humans. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 22(4): p. e1-7.
  31. Cooper, R.N., et al., (1999), In vivo satellite cell activation via Myf5 and MyoD in regenerating mouse skeletal muscle. J Cell Sci. 112 ( Pt 17): p. 2895-901.
  32. Cornelison, D.D., et al., (2000), MyoD(-/-) satellite cells in single-fiber culture are differentiation defective and MRF4 deficient. Dev Biol. 224(2): p. 122-37.
  33. Smith, C.K., 2nd, M.J. Janney, and R.E. Allen, (1994), Temporal expression of myogenic regulatory genes during activation, proliferation, and differentiation of rat skeletal muscle satellite cells. J Cell Physiol. 159(2): p. 379-85.
  34. Yablonka-Reuveni, Z. and A.J. Rivera, (1994), Temporal expression of regulatory and structural muscle proteins during myogenesis of satellite cells on isolated adult rat fibers. Dev Biol. 164(2): p. 588-603.
  35. Peeling, P., et al., (2012), Recovery effects of hyperoxic gas inhalation or contrast water immersion on the postexercise cytokine response, perceptual recovery, and next day exercise performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association. 26(4): p. 968-75.
  36. Lapointe, B.M., P. Fremont, and C.H. Cote, (2002), Adaptation to lengthening contractions is independent of voluntary muscle recruitment but relies on inflammation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 282(1): p. R323-9.
  37. Powers, S.K. and M.J. Jackson, (2008), Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev. 88(4): p. 1243-76.
  38. Zembron-Lacny, A., et al. , (2010), Changes of muscle-derived cytokines in relation to thiol redox status and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Physiol Res. 59(6): p. 945-51.
  39. Kendall, B. and R. Eston, (2002), Exercise-induced muscle damage and the potential protective role of estrogen. Sports Med. 32(2): p. 103-23.
  40. Zhang, Q. and J. Styf, (2004), Abnormally elevated intramuscular pressure impairs muscle blood flow at rest after exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 14(4): p. 215-20.
  41. Ebbeling, C.B. and P.M. Clarkson, (1989), Exercise-induced muscle damage and adaptation. Sports Med. 7(4): p. 207-34.
  42. Butterfield, T.A., T.M. Best, and M.A. Merrick, (2006), The dual roles of neutrophils and macrophages in inflammation: a critical balance between tissue damage and repair. J Athl Train. 41(4): p. 457-65.
  43. Ihsan, M., et al., (2013), Influence of postexercise cooling on muscle oxygenation and blood volume changes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 45(5): p. 876-82.
  44. Puntel, G.O., et al., (2011), Therapeutic cold: An effective kind to modulate the oxidative damage resulting of a skeletal muscle contusion. Free Radic Res. 45(2): p. 125-38.
  45. Malm, C., et al., (2004), Leukocytes, cytokines, growth factors and hormones in human skeletal muscle and blood after uphill or downhill running. J Physiol. 556(Pt 3): p. 983-1000.
  46. Herrera, E., et al., (2011), Effect of walking and resting after three cryotherapy modalities on the recovery of sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity in healthy subjects. Rev Bras Fisioter. 15(3): p. 233-40.
  47. Swenson, C., L. Sward, and J. Karlsson, (1996), Cryotherapy in sports medicine. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 6(4): p. 193-200.
  48. Malm, C., (2001), Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: fact or fiction? Acta Physiol Scand. 171(3): p. 233-9.
  49. Yanagisawa, O., et al., (2003), Evaluations of cooling exercised muscle with MR imaging and 31P MR spectroscopy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 35(9): p. 1517-23.
  50. Shepherd, J.T., N.J. Rusch, and P.M. Vanhoutte, (1983), Effect of cold on the blood vessel wall. Gen Pharmacol. 14(1): p. 61-4.
  51. Bassit, R.A., et al., (2010), Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on markers of skeletal muscle damage after strenuous contractile activity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 108(5): p. 945-55.
  52. Kyparos, A., et al., (2011), Effect of 5-day vitamin E supplementation on muscle injury after downhill running in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol.
  53. Thompson, H.S., P.M. Clarkson, and S.P. Scordilis, (2002), The repeated bout effect and heat shock proteins: intramuscular HSP27 and HSP70 expression following two bouts of eccentric exercise in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 174(1): p. 47-56.
  54. Armstrong, R.B., O.R. W., and S.J. A. , (1983), Eccentric exercise-induced injury to rat skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 54(1): p. 80-93.
  55. Cermak, N.M., et al., (2013), Eccentric exercise increases satellite cell content in type II muscle fibers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 45(2): p. 230-7.
  56. Chen, T.C., et al., (2011), Comparison in eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage among four limb muscles. European journal of applied physiology. 111(2): p. 211-23.
  57. Fayaz Milani R., (2011), Ricovery time course of HSPb1 gene expression variation in myofibrillar and cytosolic fractions of rat skeletal muscle following damaging exercise.[ Ph.D Thesis]. Supervisor: Abbas ali Gaieini: Tehran university;p.37-77
  58. Mohammadnia Ahmadi M., (2014), Effect of environmental temperature during resistance exercise on muscular growth adaptation in male rat after 8 weeks resistance training. [Ph.D Thesis]. Supervisors: Hamid Rajabi and Sattar Tahmasebi Enferadi: Kharazmi university