تأثیر تمرین مقاومتی بر عملکرد اندوتلیال در بزرگسالان سالمند و جوان با بیماری‌های مزمن و سالم: مروری نظام‌مند و فراتحلیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکدة علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

2 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکدة روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

4 گروه زیست‌شناسی سلولی و مولکولی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: اختلال در عملکرد اندوتلیال نقش مهمی در توسعة بیماری‌های قلبی- عروقی ایفا می‌کند. تمرینات ورزشی ممکن است به بهبود عملکرد اندوتلیال منجر شود. با این همه تأثیر تمرین مقاومتی بر عملکرد اندوتلیال به‌وضوح شناخته نشده است. افزون‌بر این سن و وضعیت سلامت افراد نیز ممکن است در عملکرد اندوتلیال نقش داشته باشد که این عوامل نیز در پاسخ اندوتلیال به تمرین مقاومتی بررسی نشده است. ازاین‌رو هدف فراتحلیل حاضر بررسی تأثیر تمرین مقاومتی بر عملکرد اندوتلیال در بزرگسالان سالمند و جوان دارای بیماری‌های مزمن و سالم است.
مواد و روش‌ها: جست‌وجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی اصلی شامل پاب مد و وب او ساینس تا تاریخ 23 دی 1401 (13 ژانویة 2023) برای مطالعات تمرین مقاومتی بر روی شاخص FMD صورت گرفت. معیارهای ورود به پژوهش شامل مطالعات دارای گروه تمرین ورزشی، آزمودنی انسان با میانگین سن بزرگ‌تر از 18 سال، اندازه‌گیری عملکرد اندوتلیال با استفاده از FMD و چاپ‌شده در نشریه‌های انگلیسی‌زبان بود. تفاوت میانگین وزنی (WMD) و فاصلة اطمینان 95 درصد با استفاده از نرم‌افزار CMA2 به‌منظور تعیین اندازة اثر استفاده شد. سطح ناهمگونی با استفاده از آزمون I2 و سوگیری انتشار نیز با آزمون Egger بررسی شد. همچنین تحلیل زیرگروهی برای سن (بزرگسال سالمند شامل افراد بالای 50 سال و بزرگسالان جوان شامل افراد کمتر از 50 سال)، وضعیت سلامتی (دارای بیماری مزمن و سالم) و نوع مطالعه (تک‌گروهی و دوگروهی) انجام گرفت. همة تحلیل‌ها با استفاده نرم‌افزار CMA2 انجام پذیرفت.
 نتایج: 21 تحقیق شامل 701 آزمودنی وارد فراتحلیل شدند. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که تمرین مقاومتی به افزایش معناداری FMD منجر شد [001/0P= ،(26/1 تا 88/2CI:) 07/2]. بررسی ناهمگونی با استفاده از آزمون I2 نشان داد که ناهمگونی معناداری وجود داشت (001/0, P=92/82I2=)، درحالی‌که نتایج آزمون Egger (73/0P=) سوگیری انتشار را تأیید نکرد. تحلیل زیر گروهی بر اساس سن نشان داد که تمرین مقاومتی در هر دو گروه افراد جوان [001/0P= ,06/2WMD:] و سالمند [001/0P= , 87/1WMD:] به افزایش FMD منجر می‌شود. همچنین تمرین مقاومتی در هر دو گروه افراد سالم [001/0P= 77,/1WMD:] و بیمار [001/0P= ,40/2WMD:] به افزایش FMD منجر می‌شود. افزون‌بر این تحلیل بر اساس نوع پژوهش نشان داد که مقادیر FMD در هر دو مطالعات تک‌گروهی [029/0P= ,18/1WMD:] و دوگروهی [001/0P= 51,/2WMD:] افزایش می‌یابد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی یافته‌های فراتحلیل حاضر نشان می‌دهد که تمرین مقاومتی مداخلة ورزشی مؤثری برای بهبود عملکرد اندوتلیال است که تأثیرات مفید آن مستقل از سن و وضعیت سلامت آزمودنی‌ها اتفاق می‌افتد. ازاین‌رو تمرین مقاومتی ‌باید در برنامة تمرین ورزشی بزرگسالان گنجانده شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of resistance training on endothelial function in young and older with chronic diseases and those with health conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mousa Khalafi 1
  • Pejman Taghibeikzadehbadr 2
  • Behzad Aria 3
  • Zahra Mohammadi 4
1 Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
2 Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
4 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University، Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Exercise training may lead to improved endothelial function. However, the effect of resistance training on endothelial function is not clearly understood. In addition, the age and health status of individuals may also play a role in endothelial function, and these factors have not been investigated in endothelial response to resistance training. Therefore, the aim of the present meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of resistance training on endothelial function in young and older adults with and without chronic diseases.
Materials and Methods: Main databases including PubMed and Web of Science were searched through January 13, 2023, for resistance training studies on the FMD index. The inclusion criteria for the current research included studies with an exercise training group, human subjects with an average age older than 18 years, measuring endothelial function using FMD, and published in English and Persian language journals. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the effect size using CMA2 software. The level of heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test and the publication bias was also assessed with Egger's test. Subgroup analyses were performed for age (elderly adults including people over 50 years old and young adults including people under 50 years old), health status (with chronic disease and healthy), and type of study (one-group and two-group). All analyzes were performed using CMA2 software.
Results: Twenty-one studies including 701 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results of data analysis showed that resistance training resulted in a significant increase in FMD [2.07, (CI: 1.26 to 2.88) P = 0.001]. Examination of heterogeneity using the I2 test showed that there was a significant heterogeneity (I2=82.92, p=0.001), while Egger's test results (p=0.73) did not confirm the publication bias. Subgroup analysis based on age showed that resistance training in both groups of young [WMD: 2.06, P = 0.001] and older [WMD: 1.87, P = 0.001] individuals leads to an increase in FMD. In addition, resistance training in both groups of healthy [WMD: 1.770 P = 0.001] and patients [WMD: 2.406 P = 0.001] individuals lead to an increase in FMD. In addition, the analysis based on the type of study showed that FMD is increased in both single-group [WMD: 1.18, P = 0.029] and two-group [WMD:2.51, P  =0.001] studies.
Conclusion: In general, the main findings of the present meta-analysis show that resistance training is an effective exercise intervention for improving endothelial function, whose beneficial effects occur independently of the age and health status of adults. Therefore, resistance training should be included in the exercise program for adults.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resistance training
  • Endothelial function
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • FMD

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 26 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1402

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