The effect of eight-week yoga training on serum levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and body composition in women with multiple sclerosis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects the myelinated axons of the central nervous system and causes neurological deterioration. The prevalence of this disease in women is reported to be 3 times that of men. In recent years, more people with the disease have sought alternative drug therapies to manage symptoms, including mind-body therapies such as yoga, meditation, breathing, and relaxation techniques. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of yoga training on the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 10 and body composition in women with multiple sclerosis.
Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 20 women with multiple sclerosis who were referred to the medical centers of Semnan city (mean±SD; age, 36.75±6.10 years; body mass index, 26.88±6.02 kg/m2; and with EDSS index >3.5) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of yoga training (n=10) and control (n=10). The experimental group performed yoga training for eight weeks, three sessions per week (24 sessions) in an indoor hall with a temperature of 25-26°C. The training protocol started with performing two sets of 10 seconds for 15 movements and to observe the overload principle every two weeks, 5 seconds were added for each training movement and one movement was added to the training protocol, where at the final week number of movements reached 18 movements and 15 seconds. During this period, the control group had no regular physical activity and had normal daily activities. In order to determine and control the training pressure, the Borg’s rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was used. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the repeated measures of ANOVA, independent t-test and dependent t-test at a significance level of p≤0.05.
Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in the experimental group compared to the control group after eight weeks of training (p=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the body composition of women with multiple sclerosis compared to the control group after eight weeks of yoga (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Finally, the results of this research showed that eight weeks of yoga training by reducing inflammatory cytokines and adjusting the serum index of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6, can be used as a complementary treatment along with drug treatments for patients with multiple sclerosis.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Negaresh R, Motl RW, Mokhtarzade M, Dalgas U, Patel D, Shamsi MM, et al. Effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders. 2018;24:91-100.
  2. Stoiloudis P, Kesidou E, Bakirtzis C, Sintila S-A, Konstantinidou N, Boziki M, et al. The role of diet and interventions on multiple sclerosis: a review. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1150.
  3. Najafi P, Hadizadeh M, Cheong JPG, Mohafez H, Abdullah S, Poursadeghfard M. Effects of tele-Pilates and tele-yoga on biochemicals, physical, and psychological parameters of females with multiple sclerosis. Journal of clinical medicine. 2023;12(4):1585.
  4. Rahmati MR, Kordi MR, Ravasi AA. Effect of six weeks forced and voluntary training before EAE induction on the expression of some adhesive molecules affecting the blood-brain barrier permeability. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2022;15(1):57-68.
  5. Ruiz F, Vigne S, Pot C, editors. Resolution of inflammation during multiple sclerosis. Seminars in immunopathology; 2019: Springer.
  6. Liao W, Lin J-X, Leonard WJ. IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation. Current opinion in immunology. 2011;23(5):598-604.
  7. Baecher-Allan C, Kaskow BJ, Weiner HL. Multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and immunotherapy. Neuron. 2018;97(4):742-68.
  8. Wong VL, Holahan MR. A systematic review of aerobic and resistance exercise and inflammatory markers in people with multiple sclerosis. Behavioural pharmacology. 2019;30(8):652-9.
  9. Kunkl M, Frascolla S, Amormino C, Volpe E, Tuosto L. T helper cells: the modulators of inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Cells. 2020;9(2):482.
  10. Najafi P, Hadizadeh M, Cheong JPG, Mohafez H, Abdullah S. Cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis following exercise: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(13):8151.
  11. Bai Z, Chen D, Wang L, Zhao Y, Liu T, Yu Y, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood cytokines as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 226 studies with 13,526 multiple sclerosis patients. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2019;13:1026.
  12. Briken S, Rosenkranz SC, Keminer O, Patra S, Ketels G, Heesen C, et al. Effects of exercise on Irisin, BDNF and IL-6 serum levels in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Journal of neuroimmunology. 2016;299:53-8.
  13. Mokhtarzade M, Ranjbar R, Majdinasab N, Patel D, Molanouri Shamsi M. Effect of aerobic interval training on serum IL-10, TNFα, and adipokines levels in women with multiple sclerosis: possible relations with fatigue and quality of life. Endocrine. 2017;57:262-71.
  14. Thakur P, Mohammad A, Rastogi YR, Saini RV, Saini AK. Yoga as an intervention to manage multiple sclerosis symptoms. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2020;11(2):114-7.
  15. Mokhtarzade M, Ranjbar R, Majdinasab N, Patel D, Molanouri Shamsi M. Effect of aerobic interval training on serum IL-10, TNFα, and adipokines levels in women with multiple sclerosis: possible relations with fatigue and quality of life. Endocrine. 2017;57(2):262-71.
  16. Barry A, Cronin O, Ryan AM, Sweeney B, O'Toole O, O'Halloran KD, et al. Cycle ergometer training enhances plasma interleukin-10 in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci. 2019;40(9):1933-6.
  17. Beavers KM, Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(11-12):785-93.
  18. Nicklas BJ, You T, Pahor M. Behavioural treatments for chronic systemic inflammation: effects of dietary weight loss and exercise training. Cmaj. 2005;172(9):1199-209.
  19. Bernardi L, Sleight P, Bandinelli G, Cencetti S, Fattorini L, Wdowczyc-Szulc J, et al. Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: comparative study. Bmj. 2001;323(7327):1446-9.
  20. Najafi P, Moghadasi M. The effect of yoga training on enhancement of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels in female patients with multiple sclerosis. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2017;26:21-5.
  21. Zahedi M. The effect of eight-weeks yoga training on serum levels of IL17-, Body fat percentage and muscle strength in women with multiple sclerosis. 2020.
  22. Bakhshipour B, Ramezanzadeh S. Investigating the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression, quality of life, and anxiety in MS patients. Studies in Medical Sciences. 2016;27(5):352-64.
  23. Alphonsus KB, Su Y, D’Arcy C. The effect of exercise, yoga and physiotherapy on the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2019;43:188-95.
  24. Kahraman T, Ozdogar AT, Yigit P, Hosgel I, Mehdiyev Z, Ertekin O, et al. Feasibility of a 6-month yoga program to improve the physical and psychosocial status of persons with multiple sclerosis and their family members. Explore. 2018;14(1):36-43.
  25. Bower JE, Greendale G, Crosswell AD, Garet D, Sternlieb B, Ganz PA, et al. Yoga reduces inflammatory signaling in fatigued breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014;43:20-9.
  26. Avandi SM, Zahedi M. The effects of eight weeks’ yoga training on serum levels of IL-17 in women with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2019;12(2):81-92.
  27. Page WF, Durtzke JF, Murphy FM, Norman Jr JE. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in US veterans: V. Ancestry and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society. 1993;33(6):632-9.
  28. Feuerstein G, Payne L. Yoga: Oniro; 1998.
  29. Attar Sayyah E, Hosseini Kakhk SA, Hamedinia M, Pirayesh B. Effect of 8-week combined training on muscle strength, balance and functional capacity of multiple sclerosis patients. J Neyshabur Univ Med Sci. 2016;3(4):27-36.
  30. Ross A, Thomas S. The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine. 2010;16(1):3-12.
  31. Eftekhari E, Etemadifar M. Interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to the Mat Pilates training in women with multiple sclerosis. Scientia Medica. 2018;28(4):7.
  32. Kjølhede T, Dalgas U, Gade AB, Bjerre M, Stenager E, Petersen T, et al. Acute and chronic cytokine responses to resistance exercise and training in people with multiple sclerosis. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2016;26(7):824-34.
  33. Barbado D, Gómez Illán R, Moreno Navarro P, Mendoza Laiz N, Reina Vaillo R, Sempere AP. Does exercise have a neuroprotective function in multiple sclerosis? A brief overview of the physical training potential effects on cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 2018.
  34. Castellano V, McCoy SC, White LJ. Cytokine levels after eight weeks of progressive resistance training in multiple sclerosis patients. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2004;36(5):S150.
  35. Berkowitz S, Achiron A, Gurevich M, Sonis P, Kalron A. Acute effects of aerobic intensities on the cytokine response in women with mild multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders. 2019;31:82-6.
  36. Majdinasab N, Motl RW, Mokhtarzade M, Zimmer P, Ranjbar R, Keytsman C, et al. Acute responses of cytokines and adipokines to aerobic exercise in relapsing vs. remitting women with multiple sclerosis. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2018;31:295-301.
  37. Castellano V, Patel DI, White LJ. Cytokine responses to acute and chronic exercise in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2008;104(6):1697-702.
  38. Faramarzi M, Banitalebi E, Raisi Z, Samieyan M, Saberi Z, Ghahfarrokhi MM, et al. Effect of combined exercise training on pentraxins and pro-inflammatory cytokines in people with multiple sclerosis as a function of disability status. Cytokine. 2020;134:155196.
  39. Tadayon Zadeh F, Amini H, Habibi S, Shahedi V, Isanejad A, Akbarpour M. The effects of 8-week combined exercise training on inflammatory markers in women with multiple sclerosis. Neurodegenerative Diseases. 2021;20(5-6):212-6.
  40. Devasahayam AJ, Kelly LP, Williams JB, Moore CS, Ploughman M. Fitness shifts the balance of BDNF and IL-6 from inflammation to repair among people with progressive multiple sclerosis. Biomolecules. 2021;11(4):504.
  41. Barry A, Cronin O, Ryan AM, Sweeney B, O’Toole O, O’Halloran KD, et al. Cycle ergometer training enhances plasma interleukin-10 in multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences. 2019;40:1933-6.
  42. Pullen PR, Nagamia SH, Mehta PK, Thompson WR, Benardot D, Hammoud R, et al. Effects of yoga on inflammation and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure. 2008;14(5):407-13.
  43. Ruiz F, Vigne S, Pot C. Resolution of inflammation during multiple sclerosis. Semin Immunopathol. 2019;41(6):711-26.
  44. Heesen C, Gold SM, Hartmann S, Mladek M, Reer R, Braumann K-M, et al. Endocrine and cytokine responses to standardized physical stress in multiple sclerosis. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2003;17(6):473-81.
  45. White LJ, Castellano V, Mc Coy SC. Cytokine responses to resistance training in people with multiple sclerosis. Journal of sports sciences. 2006;24(8):911-4.
  46. Ready A, Fitzpatrick D, Boreskie S, Hrycaiko D. The response of obese females to low impact exercise and diet counselling. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 1991;31(4):587-95.
  47. Halsey L. Energy compensation, adiposity and aging in humans. Current Biology. 2021.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 22 April 2024
  • Revise Date: 18 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 23 July 2024
  • First Publish Date: 23 July 2024
  • Publish Date: 22 August 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics