The effect of two-month concurrent training and caloric restriction on P65 amount in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inactive middle-aged men

Document Type : original article

Authors

1 Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

3 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

4 Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

 Purpose: Recognition of mechanisms involved in inflammatory disorders through the aging process and providing appropriate preventive or modulator strategies to improve quality of life are always important challenges in the field of life sciences. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of two-month concurrent training (RT+HIIT) and caloric restriction on serum CRP and P65 amount in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inactive middle-aged men.
Methods: Twenty-four inactive, healthy men participated in three homogeneous groups: Caloric restriction (CR), Concurrent training (T) and Concurrent training with Caloric restriction (CRT) groups. Calorie restriction and energy cost in five days a week was about six kcal·kg-1·day-1. The concurrent training was included five days per week (two sessions of resistance training with 75 to 80% 1RM and three sessions of high intensity interval training with 80-85% heart rate reserve). Baseline and post-intervention p65 in the total and phosphorylated (p-p65) levels in PBMCs were assessed by ELISA. Serum CRP concentration was also measured using immunoturbidimetric.
Results: Weight loss in CRT group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). However, the changes range in fat percentage, maximal oxygen consumption and one-repetition maximum (1RM) of T and CRT groups were significantly higher than CR group (P < 0.05). Changes in phosphorylated P65 and p-p65 / total p65 ratio in PBMCs of T and CRT groups were significantlyhigher than CR group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the present results, two months of concurrent training and caloric restriction can reduce some of inflammatory markers in inactive men. In addition, the effect of concurrent training with and without calorie restriction on the initiators of inflammatory factors is greater than the calorie restriction intervention alone. Therefore, concurrent training and caloric restriction are recommended for prevention and confronting obesity and its inflammatory consequences, especially in middle age.

Keywords

References

  1. Radák Z, Chung HY, Naito H, Takahashi R, Jung KJ, Kim H-J, et al. Age-associated increase in oxidative stress and nuclear factor κB activation are attenuated in rat liver by regular exercise. The faseb journal. 2004;18(6):749-50.
  2. Chung HY, Cesari M, Anton S, Marzetti E, Giovannini S, Seo AY, et al. Molecular inflammation: underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. Ageing research reviews. 2009;8(1):18-30.
  3. Crujeiras AB, Parra D, Milagro FI, Goyenechea E, Larrarte E, Margareto J, et al. Differential expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to a low-calorie diet: a nutrigenomics study. OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology. 2008;12(4):251-61.
  4. Kalani R, Judge S, Carter C, Pahor M, Leeuwenburgh C. Effects of caloric restriction and exercise on age-related, chronic inflammation assessed by C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2006;61(3):211-7.
  5. Salminen A, Huuskonen J, Ojala J, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Suuronen T. Activation of innate immunity system during aging: NF-kB signaling is the molecular culprit of inflamm-aging. Ageing research reviews. 2008;7(2):83-105.
  6. Kiernan R, Brès V, Ng RW, Coudart M-P, El Messaoudi S, Sardet C, et al. Post-activation turn-off of NF-κB-dependent transcription is regulated by acetylation of p65. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003;278(4):2758-66.
  7. Kramer HF, Goodyear LJ. Exercise, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling in skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology. 2007;103(1):388-95.
  8. Nicklas BJ, Ambrosius W, Messier SP, Miller GD, Penninx BW, Loeser RF, et al. Diet-induced weight loss, exercise, and chronic inflammation in older, obese adults: a randomized controlled clinical trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2004;79(4):544-51.
  9. Fontana L, Klein S, Holloszy JO. Effects of long-term calorie restriction and endurance exercise on glucose tolerance, insulin action, and adipokine production. Age. 2010;32(1):97-108.
  10. Shamaileh L, Olender S, Castellanos K, Schiffer L, Welke L, Hughes S, et al. Changes in Glucose Homeostasis and Systemic Inflammation Following an 8-week Exercise Only and 8-week Exercise Plus Dietary Weight Management Intervention among Overweight and Obese African American Older Adults with Osteoarthritis. Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research Journal. 2016;2(1):14-25.
  11. Zhang N, Li Z, Mu W, Li L, Liang Y, Lu M, et al. Calorie restriction-induced SIRT6 activation delays aging by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Cell Cycle. 2016;15(7):1009-18.
  12. Kim H-J, Yu B-P, Chung H-Y. Molecular exploration of age-related NF-κB/IKK downregulation by calorie restriction in rat kidney. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2002;32(10):991-1005.
  13. López-Domènech S, Martínez-Herrera M, Abad-Jiménez Z, Morillas C, Escribano-López I, Díaz-Morales N, et al. Dietary weight loss intervention improves subclinical atherosclerosis and oxidative stress markers in leukocytes of obese humans. International Journal of Obesity. 2019.
  14. Hopps E, Canino B, Caimi G. Effects of exercise on inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic subjects. Acta diabetologica. 2011;48(3):183-9.
  15. Liu H-W, Chang S-J. Moderate exercise suppresses NF-κB signaling and activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α Axis to attenuate muscle loss in diabetic db/db mice. Frontiers in physiology. 2018;9:636.
  16. Baar K. Using molecular biology to maximize concurrent training. Sports Medicine. 2014;44(2):117-25.
  17. Baez AE. The effect of exercise and caloric restriction on cardiac NF-kB signaling and inflammation in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. 2015.
  18. Wulan SMM, Laswati H, Purnomo W, Pangkahila A, Nasronudin N, Hadi U. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Nuclear Factor of kappa B (NF-kB) p65 and Calcineurin Expression play a role in the regulation of muscle regeneration process through aerobic exercise in HIV patients. Bali Medical Journal. 2017;6(2):421-6.
  19. Eady JJ, Wortley GM, Wormstone YM, Hughes JC, Astley SB, Foxall RJ, et al. Variation in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. Physiological genomics. 2005;22(3):402-11.
  20. Lefevre M, Redman LM, Heilbronn LK, Smith JV, Martin CK, Rood JC, et al. Caloric restriction alone and with exercise improves CVD risk in healthy non-obese individuals. Atherosclerosis. 2009;203(1):206-13.
  21. Byrne NM, Hills AP, Hunter GR, Weinsier RL, Schutz Y. Metabolic equivalent: one size does not fit all. Journal of Applied physiology. 2005;99(3):1112-9.
  22. Weiss EP, Albert SG, Reeds DN, Kress KS, McDaniel JL, Klein S, et al. Effects of matched weight loss from calorie restriction, exercise, or both on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized intervention trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2016;104(3):576-86.
  23. Ratamess NA. ACSM's foundations of strength training and conditioning: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
  24. McArdle W. Introduction to nutrition, exercise, and health. Philadelphia, Pa: Lea & Febiger; 1993.
  25. Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. Journal of obesity. 2010;2011.
  26. Song L, Martinez L, Zigmond ZM, Hernandez DR, Lassance-Soares RM, Selman G, et al. c-Kit modifies the inflammatory status of smooth muscle cells. PeerJ. 2017;5:e3418.
  27. Liu Y, Liu S-x, Cai Y, Xie K-l, Zhang W-l, Zheng F. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on the glycolipid metabolism and inflammation levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of physical therapy science. 2015;27(7):2365-71.
  28. Mulrooney TJ, Marsh J, Urits I, Seyfried TN, Mukherjee P. Influence of caloric restriction on constitutive expression of NF-κB in an experimental mouse astrocytoma. PloS one. 2011;6(3):e18085.
  29. Allison D, Zannolli R, Faith M, Heo M, Pietrobelli A, Vanltallie T, et al. Weight loss increases and fat loss decreases all-cause mortality rate: results from two independent cohort studies. International journal of obesity. 1999;23(6):603.
  30. Beavers KM, Beavers DP, Newman JJ, Anderson AM, Loeser Jr RF, Nicklas BJ, et al. Effects of total and regional fat loss on plasma CRP and IL-6 in overweight and obese, older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2015;23(2):249-56.
  31. Imayama I, Ulrich CM, Alfano CM, Wang C, Xiao L, Wener MH, et al. Effects of a caloric restriction weight loss diet and exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer research. 2012;72(9):2314-26.
  32. Obisesan TO, Leeuwenburgh C, Ferrell RE, Phares DA, McKenzie JA, Prior SJ, et al. C-reactive protein genotype affects exercise training–induced changes in insulin sensitivity. Metabolism. 2006;55(4):453-60.
  33. You T, Berman DM, Ryan AS, Nicklas BJ. Effects of hypocaloric diet and exercise training on inflammation and adipocyte lipolysis in obese postmenopausal women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2004;89(4):1739-46.
  34. González OA, Tobia C, Ebersole JL, Novak MJ. Caloric restriction and chronic inflammatory diseases. Oral diseases. 2012;18(1):16-31.
  35. Lambert CP, Wright NR, Finck BN, Villareal DT. Exercise but not diet-induced weight loss decreases skeletal muscle inflammatory gene expression in frail obese elderly persons. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2008;105(2):473-8.
  36. Miller T, Mull S, Aragon AA, Krieger J, Schoenfeld BJ. Resistance training combined with diet decreases body fat while preserving lean mass independent of resting metabolic rate: A randomized trial. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2018;28(1):46-54.
  37. McIver CM, Wycherley TP, Clifton PM. MTOR signaling and ubiquitin-proteosome gene expression in the preservation of fat free mass following high protein, calorie restricted weight loss. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012;9(1):83.
  38. Bowen TS, Schuler G, Adams V. Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6(3):197-207.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 October 2019
  • Revise Date: 11 June 2020
  • Accept Date: 22 June 2020
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2021
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics