The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training vs. continuous training on serum Irisin levels and expression of skeletal muscle PGC-1α gene in male rats with metabolic syndrome

Document Type : original article

Authors

1 Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran

3 Department of Physical Education, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

4 Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan & Baluchestan, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: An imbalance in the production of PGC-1α and myokines impairs the energy expenditure, increases adipocyte and develops metabolic pathologies, but physical exercise is able to regulate the secretion of myokines through PGC-1α. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training vs. continuous training on serum Irisin levels and expression of skeletal muscle PGC-1α gene in male rats with metabolic syndrome
Methods: 32 Wistar male rats, with six weeks’ age and weight 150-180 gr, randomly divided into two groups including standard diet (n=8) and high fat diet (n=24). They were then placed on a pre-exercise diet for 12 weeks. 24 rats from high fat diet group were divided randomly into two groups including metabolic syndrome control (Ctr+MS), continuous running (CT-MS) and Interval running (IT-MS). Continuous and interval training for eight weeks were performed on 65-75 and 80-100% of the maximum speed on the treadmill for mice, respectively. The ELISA method for measuring serum Irisin levels and real-time PCR method for expression of PGC-1α gene were used. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post-hoc test and Pearson correlation at P < 0.05 level.
Results: After eight weeks of interval and continuous training, PGC-1α expression (P = 0.01 and P= 0.001) and serum levels of Irisin (P = 0.01 and P= 0.001) increased compared to the metabolic syndrome control group, and this increase was more evident in the interval group than the continuous group (P = 0.001). Muscle expression of PGC-1α was also positively correlated with serum Irisin levels in mice (P = 0.001, r = 0.8).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of interval exercises can increase the expression of PGC-1α gene and Irisin as much as continuous exercise and possibly improve metabolic disorders in people with metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

References

  1. Saklayen M. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 26: 20(2):12.
  2. Stout MB, Justice JN, Nicklas BJ, Kirkland JL. Physiological aging: links among adipose tissue dysfunction, diabetes and frailty. Physiol. 2017; 32(1):9–19.
  3. Wang N, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wen D. High-intensity interval versus moderate-intensity continuous training:Superior metabolic benefits in diet-induced obesity mice. Life Sci. 2017; 191: 122–131.
  4. Baskaran P, Krishnan V, Fettel K, Gao P, Zhu Z, Ren J, et al. TRPV1 activation countersdiet-induced obesity through sirtuin-1 activation and PRDM-16 deacetylation in brown adipose tissue. Int J Obes. 2017; 41: 739.
  5. Bostrom P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, Korde A, Ye L, Lo JC, et al. A PGC-1α-dependent
    myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature. 2012;481(7382): 463-468.

6.Aldiss P, Lewis JE, Lupini I, Bloor I, Chavoshinejad R, Boocock DJ, et al. Exercise training in obese rats does not induce browning at thermoneutrality and induces a muscle-like signature in brown adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol. 2020; 20; 11:97.

  1. Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JM, Kemerink GJ,Bouvy ND, et al. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med. 2009;
    360(15): 1500-8.

8.Afzalpour ME, Ghasemi E, Zarban A. Effects of 10 weeks of high intensity interval training and green tea supplementation on serum levels of Sirtuin-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha in overweight women. Sci & Sports.  2017; 32 (2): 82-90.

9. Shirvani H, Arabzadeh E. Metabolic cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training by regulation of PGC-1α. Eat Weight Disord. 2018; 25(1):17-24.

10.Norheim F, Langleite TM, Hjorth M, Holen T, Kielland A, Stadheim HK, et al. The effects of acute and chronic exercise on PGC‐1α, irisin and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans. FEBS J. 2014; 281(3): 739-49.

 11.Lu Y, Li H, Shen SW, Shen ZH, Xu M, Yang CJ, et al. Swimming exercise increases serum irisin level and reduces body fat mass in high-fat-diet fed Wistar rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2016; 15(1): 93.

12.Rostami A, Tadibi V, Behpoor N, & Ahmadiasl N. Comparison of the effects of eight-week endurance training, resistance and garlic extract supplementation on MDA and TAC in rats with metabolic syndrome.  Med J Tabriz Uni Med Sciences. 2016; 38(4): 40-47. [In Persian]

13.Nakhaei H, Mogharnasi M, Fanaei H. Effect of swimming training on levels of asprosin, lipid profile, glucose and insulin resistance in rats with metabolic syndrome.  Obes Med. 2019;15(6):100111.

  1. Lee MO. determination of the surface area of the white rat with its application to the expression of metabolic results. Am J Physiol. 1929; 89(1): 24-33.

15.Chizuko H, Toshihide Y, Akinori K, Kanji Y, Akira Sh. Growth Hormone Administration Controls Body Composition Associated with Changes of Thermogenesis in Obese KK-AyMice. Open Endocrinol J. 2010; 4(1): 3-8.

  1. Ghezzi AC, Cambri LT, Botezelli JD, Ribeiro C, Dalia RA, de Mello MA. Metabolic syndrome markers in wistar rats of different ages. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012; 4(1): 4-16.
  2. Bedford TG, Tipton CM, Wilson NC, Oppliger RA, & Gisolfi CV. Maximum oxygen consumption of rats and its changes with various experimental procedures. J Applied Physiol. 1979; 47(6): 1278-1283.
  3. Chilibeck P, Bell G, Farrar R, Martin T. Higher mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation following intermittent versus continuous endurance exercise training. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998; 76(9): 891-894.
  4. Khalafi M, Mohebbi H, Symonds M, Karimi P, Akbari A, Tabari E and et al. The Impact of Moderate-Intensity Continuous or High-Intensity Interval Training on Adipogenesis and Browning of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Male Rats. Nutrients. 2020; 12: 925.
  5. Huh JY, Panagiotou G, Mougios V, Brinkoetter M, Vamvini MT, Schneider BE, et al. FNDC5 and irisin in humans: I. Predictors of circulating concentrations in serum and plasma and II.mRNA expression and circulating concentrations in response to weight loss and exercise. Metabolism. 2012; 61(12):1725–1738.
  6. Chau MD, Gao J, Yang Q, Wu Z. Gromada J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates energy metabolism by activating the AMPK–SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010; 107: 12553–12558.
  7. Fathi A, Noorshahi M, Haghparast A, Hossini H. Effect of eight-week aerobic continuous and high intensity interval training on levels of SIRT3 in skeletal muscle tissue of Wistar rats. Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2016; (16): 1277-1289. [In Persian]
  8. Schnyder S, Handschin C. Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise. Bone. 2015; 80: 115–125.

24.Yan M, Audet-Walsh É, Manteghi S, Dufour CR, Walker B, Baba M, et al. Chronic AMPK activation via loss of FLCN induces functional beige adipose tissue through PGC-1α/ERRα. Genes Dev. 2016; 30: 1034–1046.

  1. Schaalan MF, Ramadan BK, Abd Elwahab AH. Synergistic effect of carnosine on browning of adipose tissue in exercised obese rats; a focus on circulating irisin levels. J Cell Physiol. 2018; 233: 5044–5057.
  2. Manio MCC, Matsumura S, Masuda D, Inoue K. CD36 is essential for endurance improvement, changes in whole-body metabolism, and efficient PPAR-related transcriptional responses in the muscle with exercise training. Physiol Rep. 2017; 5: 13282
  3. Mohammadi P, Azizi M, Tahmasebi R. The effect of 8 weeks of exercise training in hypoxia and normoxia on irisin levels and insulin resistance index in overweight men. Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2020; 13(2):87-95. [In Persian]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 22 August 2021
  • Revise Date: 28 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 15 October 2021
  • First Publish Date: 04 April 2022
  • Publish Date: 21 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics