Responses of metabolic and anabolic hormones to upper and lower body incremental exercise in young professional karate players

Document Type : original article

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine and compare the blood lactate, growth hormone
and testosterone responses to arm and leg exercises. Methods: Eight young professional karate
players (age, 18.90±2.20) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects completed two
exercise protocols on arm and leg ergometers with one week intervening. Blood samples were
collected after two exercise tests and were analyzed to determine blood lactate concentrations by
using enzymatic lactate reagent and growth hormone and testosterone concentrations by using an
immunoassay method. Results: There were no significant differences between effects of arm and
leg exercises on blood lactate, growth hormone and testosterone concentration (P=0.30, P=0.07 and
P=0.78, respectively). There was a significant correlation between blood lactate and growth
hormone concentrations in both arm and leg exercise (r=0.81 and r=071, respectively). In addition,
there was a significant correlation between blood lactate and testosterone concentrations in arm
exercise (r=0.71), but there was no significant correlation between blood lactate and testosterone
concentrations in leg exercise (r=0.61). Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study
suggest that there is no difference between the effects of upper and lower body exercise on blood
lactate, growth hormone and testosterone concentrations. However, in designing training programs
for professional karate players, with respect to anabolic hormones, relative exercise intensity for
upper and lower body exercises can be very important.

Keywords


Lu, Shin-Shan;Lau, Chin-Pang;Tung, Yuh-Fan;
Huang, Seng-Wong; Chen, Yen-Hao; Shin, His-
Chang; Tsal,Shiow-Chewn; Lu, Chien-Chen;
Wang, Shyi-Wu; Chen, Jing-Jong; Chien, Eillen
Jea;Chien, Chau-Heng; Wang, Paulus S (1997).
Lactate and the effects of exercise on
testosterone secretion: evidence for the
involvement of a Camp-mediated mechanism.
Medicine & Science in SportS & Exercise. 29(8):
1048-1054.
2- Y. Sato, A. Yaoshitomi, T. Abe (2005). Acute
growth hormone to low-intensity KAATSU
resistance exercise: Comparison between arm and
leg. Int. J. KAATSU Training Res;1:45-50
3- Jolanta ChwalbiFska-Moneta, Hubert Krysztofiak,
Andrzej Ziemba, Krystyna Nazar, Hanna
Kaciuba-UIcilko (1996). Threshold increases in
plasma growth hormone in relation to plasma
catocholamine and blood lactate concentrations
during progressive exercise in endurance-trained
athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 73:117-120
4- S. Koflowski, J. Chwalbifiska-Moneta, M. Viga~,
H. KaciubalU~cifko, and K. Nazar (1983).
Greater Serum GH Response to Arm than to Leg
Exercise Performed at Equivalent Oxygen
Uptake. Eur J Appl Physiol ;52:131-135
5- Yudai Takarada, Yutaka Nakamura, Seiji
Aruga,Tetuya Onda, Seiji Miyazaki, and Naokata
Ishii (2000). Rapid increase in plasma growth
hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise
with vascular occlusion.J. Appl. Physiol. 88:61-
65.
6- Jacob Wilson and Gabriel " Venom" Wilson
(2004). Slow acting hormones and their role in
fule use during exercise.
7- Sanada K, Kearns CF, Kojima K, Abe T (2005).
Peak oxygen uptake during running and arm
cranking normalized to total and regional skeletal
muscle mass measured by magnetic resonance
imaging. Eru J Appl Physiol; 93: 687-693.
A 
a41  A
 G &%& 
 (c     196
8- K. HaÈ kkinen á A. Pakarinen á R.U. Newton
W.J. Kraemer (1998). Acute hormone responses
to heavy resistance lower and upper extremity
exercise in young versus old men. Eur J Appl
Physiol 77: 312±319
9- Gordon SE, Kraemer WJ, Vos NH, Lynch JM,
Knuttgen HG (1994).Effect of acid-base balance
on the growth hormone response to acute highintensity
cycle exercise. J Appl Physiol. 76(2):
821-9.
10- Hoffman. D.M, Kassay. K.M, Zeni. A.I, and
Clifford. P.S. (1996). Dose the amount of
exercising muscle alter the aerobic demand of
dynamic exercise? Eur J Appl Physiol. 74: 541-
547.
11- Kraemer,W. J., S. E. Gordon, S. J. Fleck (1991).
Endogenous anabolic hormonal and growth
factor responses to heavy resistance exercise in
male and females.Int. J. Sports Med. 12:228-235.
12-Truls Raastad, Trine Bjøro, Jostein Hallén
(2000). Hormonal responses to high- and
moderate-intensity strength exercise.Eur J Appl
Physiol. 82:121-128
13- W. J. Kraemer , L. Marchitelli, S.E. Gordon,E.
Harman, J. E. Dziados, R. Mello, P.Frykman, D.
McCurry, and S. J. Fleck (1990). Hormonal and
growth factor responses to heavy resistance
exercise protocols. J. Appl. Physiol. 69:1442-
1450.
14- W. P. Vanheider ~, M. W. Radomski, and R. C.
Goode (1984). Growth hormone responses
during intermittent weight lifting exercise in
men. Eur J Appl Physiol ;53:31-34
15- Ralph Beneke, Thorsten Beyer, Christoph
Jachner, Ju¨ rgen Erasmus, Matthias Hu¨ tler
(2004). Energetics of karate kumite. Eur J Appl
Physiol 92: 518–523.

<<<<1
'
<<<<) .(1379) .
<<<< (c     >A
<<<< G &%& -16
/ 
#<(  . $ "<] @  <.%"2  
.   1
"# $ $
D3
17- Astrand P.O(1965).Work test with the bicycle
ergometer. Verberg, Sweden: AB Cykelfabriken
Monark,
18- Sawka MN,Foley ME,Pimental NA,et al (1983).
Determination of maximal aerobic power during
able-body exercise.J Appl Physiology ;54:113-
17.
19- Takano H, Morita T, Lida H, Asado K, Kato M,
Uno K, Hirose K (2005). Hemodynemic and
hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity
resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle
blood flow.Eur J Appl Physiol ( in press).
20- Chudalla. R, Baerwalde.S, Schneider. G, and
Maassen. N. (2006). Local and systemic effects
on blood lactate concentration during exercise
with small and large muscle groups. Pflugers
Arch- Eur J Physiol. 452: 690-697.
21- Mehis Viru, Eva Jansson, Atko Viru, Carl Johan
Sundberg (1998). Effect of restricted blood flow
on exercise- induced hormone changes in healthy
men.Eur J Appl Physiol.77:517-522
22- Van Hall. G, Jensen-Urstad. M, Rosdahl. H,
Holmberg. H.C, Saltin. B, and Calbet. J.A.L.
(2003). Leg and arm lactate and substrate
kinetics during exercise. Am J Physiol
Endocrinol Metab. 284: 193-205.
23- Tremblay MS, Copeland JL, Van Helder W
(2004) Effect of training status and exercise
mode on endogenous steroid hormones in men. J
Appl Physiol 96:531–539
24- Jensen-Urstad. Mats, Jan Svedenhag, and Kent
Sahlin. (1994). Effect of muscle mass on lactate
formation during exercise in humans. Eur J Appl
physiol. 69:189-195.
25- Takarado Y, Nakamura Y, Aruga S, Onda T,
Miyazaki S, Ishii N (2000). Parid i9ncrease in
plasma growth hormone after low-intensity
exercise with vascular occlusion. J Appl
Physiol.88: 61-65
26- W. P. Vanhelder, K. Casey, and M. W. Rodomski
(1987). Regulation of growth hormone during
197 ...  
)$ !-   $ 2      
J 
1 A1  a      
( 
Dc)
7
exercise by oxygen demand and availability.Eru
J Appl Physiol.56:628-632
27- Carl M.Maresh. Bülent Sökmen. William J.
Kraemer. Jay R. Hoffman. Greig Watson. Daniel
A. Juudelson. Catherine L. Gabaree-Boulant.
Michael R. Deschenes.Jaci L. VanHeest.
Lawrence E. Armstrong (2006).Pituitary-adernal
responses to arm versus leg exercise in untrained
man.Eur J Apple Physiol 97:471-477
28- Kang. JIE, Chaloupak. Edvard C, Masterangelo.
M. Alysia, Angelucci. John. (1999). Physiological
responses to upper exercise on an arm and a
modified leg ergometer. Med Sci Sport & Exerc.
31(10): 1453- 1465.
29- Deboer. D., E. G. De Jong, J. M. Van Rossum,
and R. A. A. Maes (1991). Doping control of
testosterone and human chorionic gonadotropin:
a case study. Int. Sports Med. 12:46-51.
30- Cumming. D. C., L. A. Brunsting, G. Strich, A.
L. Ries, and R. W. Rebar (1986). Reproductive
hormone increases in response to acute exercise
in men. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 18:369-373
  • Receive Date: 17 May 2015
  • Revise Date: 09 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 31 December 2020
  • First Publish Date: 31 December 2020
  • Publish Date: 23 July 2009