The effect of concentric-concentric isokinetic activity with restricted blood flow on serum VEGF levels in active elderly men

Nourshahi, Maryam; Ahmadizad, Sajad; Imani, Fatemeh; Dehghan, Poone

doi:10.52547/joeppa.14.1.49

The effect of concentric-concentric isokinetic activity with restricted blood flow on serum VEGF levels in active elderly men

Document Type : original article

Authors

¹ Department of Sports Life Sciences, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

² Clinical Research Center of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran

10.52547/joeppa.14.1.49

Abstract

Purpose: Aging is a process of progressive reduction of physiological and functional factors. One of the important changes that occur during this period is the reduction of angiogenesis. Many studies have shown that sports activities can prevent the development of these factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concentric isokinetic activity (low intensity) with blood flow restriction on serum VEGF levels in active elderly men.
Methods: For this purpose, 10 healthy men at age range 60-80 years were selected through convenience sampling in a Tehran-based park (average weight: 77.8 ± 9.25 kg, height: 175.9 ± 2.92 cm, BMI: 25.15 ± 2.85kg/m2). Blood flow restriction was performed with a Doppler device to obtain 50% of the maximum restricted blood pressure for the session. Subjects performed four knee flexion and extension activities with 20% of one-repetition maximum and at an angular velocity of 30 degrees per second, complete flexion and extension of the leg. initially, they performed the first time with 30 repetitions and the other three times with 15 repetitions and with 30 seconds rest between each time. Before the start of the protocol, blood sampling was performed immediately and two hours after the activity, and serum VEGF was measured by ELISA. 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data after ensuring their normal distribution.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that serum levels of VEGF, in response to concentric isokinetic activity with restricted blood flow, increased significantly compared to concentric isokinetic activity without restricted blood flow (P= 0.01).
Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that in the elderly, the use of the blood flow restriction method, despite the low intensity of activity, had a significant effect on serum VEGF levels as one of the angiogenic factors in active elderly men.

Keywords

References

1. Robergs RA, Roberts S. Fundamental principles of exercise physiology: for fitness, performance, and health: McGraw-Hill College; 2000.
2. Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG. The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men. European journal of applied physiology. 2010;108(1):147-55.
3. Patterson SD, Ferguson RA. Increase in calf post-occlusive blood flow and strength following short-term resistance exercise training with blood flow restriction in young women. European journal of applied physiology. 2010;108(5):1025-33.
4. Häkkinen K, Pastinen U, Karsikas R, Linnamo V. Neuromuscular performance in voluntary bilateral and unilateral contraction and during electrical stimulation in men at different ages. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1995;70(6):518-27.
4. Lindle R, Metter E, Lynch N, Fleg J, Fozard J, Tobin J, et al. Age and gender comparisons of muscle strength in 654 women and men aged 20–93 yr. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1997;83(5):1581-7.
6. Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fielding RA, Fiatarone MA, Evans WJ, Roubenoff R. Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study. Journal of applied physiology. 2000;88(4):1321-6.
7. Hughes VA, Frontera WR, Wood M, Evans WJ, Dallal GE, Roubenoff R, et al. Longitudinal muscle strength changes in older adults influence of muscle mass, physical activity, and health. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2001;56(5):B209-B17.
8. Yamauchi J. Aging and Exercise Training on the Neuromuscular Functions of Human Movements: INTECH Open Access Publisher; 2012.
9.Taheri H. The effect of an antioxidant supplementation period on the rate of angiogenesis in active men. Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University. 2010.
10. Mostafaei A, Mohammadi Motlagh HR, Mansouri K. Angiogenesis and its study models. Yakhteh Medical Quarterly Journal, 2009;11(4): 381-274.
11. Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D. Modulation of placental vascular endothelial growth factor by leptin and hCG. Molecular human reproduction. 2003;9(7):395-8.
12. Biino G, Balduini CL, Casula L, Cavallo P, Vaccargiu S, Parracciani D, et al. Analysis of 12,517 inhabitants of a Sardinian geographic isolate reveals that predispositions to thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis are inherited traits. Haematologica. 2011;96(1):96-101.
13. Albert CM, Mittleman MA, Chae CU, Lee I-M, Hennekens CH, Manson JE. Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343(19):1355-61.
14. Okamoto T, Masuhara M, Ikuta K. Cardiovascular responses induced during highintensity eccentric and concentric isokinetic muscle contraction in healthy young adults. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 2006;26(1):39-44.
15. McComas AJ, Galea V, de Bruin H. Motor unit populations in healthy and diseased muscles. Physical therapy. 1993;73(12):868-877.

16. Larsson L, Sjödin B, Karlsson J. Histochemical and biochemical changes in human skeletal muscle with age in sedentary males, age 22–65 years. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1978;103(1):31-9.
17. Lexell J, Taylor CC, Sjöström M. What is the cause of the ageing atrophy?: Total number, size and proportion of different fiber types studied in whole vastus lateralis muscle from 15-to 83-year-old men. Journal of the neurological sciences. 1988;84(2):275-94.

18. Deschenes MR. Effects of aging on muscle fibre type and size. Sports Medicine. 2004;34(12):809-24.
19. Kung TA, Cederna PS, van der Meulen JH, Urbanchek MG, Kuzon WM, Faulkner JA. Motor unit changes seen with skeletal muscle sarcopenia in oldest old rats. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2013:glt135.
20. Manini TM, Clark BC. Blood flow restricted exercise and skeletal muscle health. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2009;37(2):78-85.
21. Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Sato Y, Takebayashi S, Tanaka Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2000;88(6):2097-106.
22. Fry CS, Glynn EL, Drummond MJ, Timmerman KL, Fujita S, Abe T, et al. Blood flow restriction exercise stimulates mTORC1 signaling and muscle protein synthesis in older men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010;108(5):1199-209.
23. Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, Sato Y, et al. Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007;103(3):903-10.
24. Larkin KA, MacNeil RG, Dirain M, Sandesara B, Manini TM, Buford TW. Blood Flow Restriction Enhances Post–Resistance Exercise Angiogenic Gene Expression. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2012;44(11):2077.
25. Shekarchizadeh P, Khazaei M, Gharekhanlu R, Karimian J, Safarzadeh A. The Effects of Resistance Training on Plasma Angiogenic Factors in Normal Rats. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2012;30(176):65-73.
26. Micalos P, Marino F, Tarpenning K, Kay D, Gard M. Ammonia and lactate responses to isokinetic arm and leg exercise. Isokinetics and exercise science. 2001;9(2):143-9.
27. Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Sherk VD, Thiebaud RS, Abe T, et al. Effects of cuff width on arterial occlusion: implications for blood flow restricted exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 2012;112(8):2903-12.
28. Czarkowska-Paczek B, Bartlomiejczyk I, Przybylski J. THE SERUM LEVELS OF GROWTH FACTORS: PDGF, TGF-BETA AND. Journal of physiology and pharmacology. 2006;57(2):189-97.
29. Nemet D, Hong S, Mills PJ, Ziegler MG, Hill M, Cooper DM. Systemic vs. local cytokine and leukocyte responses to unilateral wrist flexion exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2002;93(2):546-54.
30. Ranjbar K, Nourshahi M, Hedayati M, Taheri Hossein. Evaluation of serum levels of angiogenic factors in response to a session of activity below the maximum long-term in inactive men. Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2011;15 (1):125-132.
31. Gavin TP, Robinson CB, Yeager RC, England JA, Nifong LW, Hickner RC. Angiogenic growth factor response to acute systemic exercise in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2004;96(1):19-24.
32. Rajabi H, Khojamli H. The acute and chronic effects of pedaling activity associated with vascular occlusion of the foot on serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy men. Master Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University. 2013.
33. Horiuchi M, Okita K. Blood flow restricted exercise and vascular function. International journal of vascular medicine. 2012;2012.

34. Higashi Y, Yoshizumi M. Exercise and endothelial function: role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2004;102(1):87-96.
35. Iversen N, Krustrup P, Rasmussen HN, Rasmussen UF, Saltin B, Pilegaard H. Mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle of the elderly. Experimental gerontology. 2011;46(8):670-8