The effect of plyometric training in water with and without blood flow restriction on physical fitness in active young girls

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran

2 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The effect of plyometric training on physical fitness is well known and the effect of exercise training with blood flow restriction has also been studied. However, the effect of aquatic plyometric training with blood flow restriction has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aquatic plyometric training with and without blood flow restriction on physical fitness in young active women.
Materials and Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-posttest design. Thirty young women aged 18 to 30 years were randomly allocated to three groups including: aquatic plyometric training with blood flow restriction (n=10), aquatic plyometric training without blood flow restriction (n=10) and control (n=10). The training protocol included six weeks of plyometric training (three days a week). The intensity of training (number of sets and repetitions) was considered less in the group with blood flow restriction than the other group. Restriction of blood flow was applied by tightening the elastic band on the upper thigh. Physical fitness tests were carried out before and after the training program. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures of ANOVA and using SPSS software. The significant level was set at P≤0.05.
Results: Significant improvements were found in fat percentage, anaerobic power, lower body explosive power, speed and maximum strength following aquatic plyometric training with blood flow restriction (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups for other physical fitness variables including weight, body mass index, agility and upper body power (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, aquatic plyometric training with blood flow restriction could be effective in improving the fat percentage, anaerobic power, lower body power, speed and maximum strength of young active women.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Jeffreys MA, Croix MB, Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Hughes JD. The effect of varying plyometric volume on stretch-shortening cycle capability in collegiate male rugby players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2019 Jan 1; 33(1):139-45.
  2. Miller MG, Berry DC, Bullard S, Gilders R. Comparisons of land-based and aquatic-based plyometric programs during an 8-week training period. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2002 Nov 1; 11(4):268-83.
  3. Oxfeldt M, Overgaard K, Hvid LG, Dalgas U. Effects of plyometric training on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta‐analyses. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2019 Oct; 29(10):1453-65.
  4. Markovic G. Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height? A meta-analytical review. British journal of sports medicine. 2007 Jun 1; 41(6):349-55.
  5. Uzor TN, Emeahara GO. Effects of lower and upper body plyometric training on cardiovascular variables of athletes. Journal Of The Nigerian Academy Of Education. 2020 Aug 1; 15(2).
  6. Rostami A, Letafatkar A, Gokeler A, Tazji MK. The effects of instruction exercises on performance and kinetic factors associated with lower-extremity injury in landing after volleyball blocks. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2020 Jan 1; 29(1):51-64. [In Persian]
  7. Daneshjoo A, Raeisi S. Effect of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Some Kinematic Parameters, Horizontal Jumping Power, Agility, and Body Composition in Elite Parkour Athletes. Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 2020 Jun 10; 6(1):54-65. [In Persian]
  8. Bijeh N. The effect of strength and plyometric training in physical power of prepubertal children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2015 Jun 10; 1(4):62-9. [In Persian]
  9. Margaritopoulos S, Theodorou A, Methenitis S, Zaras N, Donti O, Tsolakis C. The effect of plyometric exercises on repeated strength and power performance in elite karate athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2015 Jun 1;15(2):310.
  10. Bal BS, Kaur PJ, Singh D. Effects of a short term plyometric training program of agility in young basketball players. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity. 2011; 5(4):271-8.
  11. Ramirez-Campillo R, Álvarez C, García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R, Gentil P, Asadi A, Chaabene H, Moran J, Meylan C, García-de-Alcaraz A, Sanchez-Sanchez J. Methodological characteristics and future directions for plyometric jump training research: a scoping review. Sports Medicine. 2018 May; 48:1059-81.
  12. Silva AF, Clemente FM, Lima R, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. The effect of plyometric training in volleyball players: A systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019 Aug; 16(16):2960.
  13. Slimani M, Chamari K, Miarka B, Del Vecchio FB, Chéour F. Effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in team sport athletes: a systematic review. Journal of human kinetics. 2016 Oct 14; 53(1):231-47.
  14. Arazi H, Asadi A. The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on strength, sprint, and balance in young basketball players. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2011; 6(1):101-11. [In Persian]
  15. Simmons V, Hansen PD. Effectiveness of water exercise on postural mobility in the well elderly: An experimental study on balance enhancement. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 1996; 51A (5): 233-238.
  16. Kantyka J, Herman D, Roczniok R, Kuba L. Effects of aqua aerobics on body composition, body mass, lipid profile, and blood count in middle-aged sedentary women. Human Movement. 2015 Jan 1; 16(1):9-14.
  17. Kieffer HS, Lehman MA, Veacock D, Korkuch L. The effects of a short-term novel aquatic exercise program on functional strength and performance of older adults. International journal of exercise science. 2012; 5(4):321.
  18. Fahs CA, Loenneke JP, Rossow LM, Tiebaud RS, Bemben MG. Methodological considerations for blood flow restricted resistance exercise. Journal of Trainology. 2012 Apr 26; 1(1):14-22.
  19. Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, Burr J, Scott BR, Owens J, Abe T, Nielsen JL, Libardi CA, Laurentino G, Neto GR. Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Frontiers in physiology. 2019:533.
  20. Da Cunha Nascimento, D., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Prestes, J. (2020). Potential implications of blood flow restriction exercise on vascular health: a brief review. Sports Medicine, 50(1), 73-81.
  21. Sousa JB, Neto GR, Santos HH, Araújo JP, Silva HG, Cirilo-Sousa MS. Effects of strength training with blood flow restriction on torque, muscle activation and local muscular endurance in healthy subjects. Biology of sport. 2017 Mar; 34(1):83-90.
  22. Araújo JP, Neto GR, Loenneke JP, Bemben MG, Laurentino GC, Batista G, Silva JC, Freitas ED, Sousa MS. The effects of water-based exercise in combination with blood flow restriction on strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women. Age. 2015 Dec; 37:1-9.
  23. Dhahbi, W., Chaouachi, A., Dhahbi, A.B., Cochrane, J., Chèze, L., Burnett, A. and Chamari, K., 2017. The effect of variation of plyometric push-ups on force-application kinetics and perception of intensity. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(2), pp.190-197.
  24. Jessee MB, Mattocks KT, Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Mouser JG, Abe T, Loenneke JP. Mechanisms of blood flow restriction: the new testament. Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2018 Jun 1; 33(2):72-9.
  25. Davies G, Riemann BL, Manske R. Current concepts of plyometric exercise. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2015 Nov; 10(6):760.
  26. Eston RG, Reilly T, editors. Kinanthropometry and exercise physiology laboratory manual: exercise physiology. Taylor & Francis; 2009.
  27. Haghgoo H, Choobineh S, Pournemati P. The effect of six weeks of combined training on the resting plasma level of Pentraxin-3 and Serum amyloid A in men with type-2 diabetes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2022 Aug 23; 15(4):1-0. [In Persian]
  28. Gil AL, Neto GR, Sousa MS, Dias I, Vianna J, Nunes RA, Novaes JS. Effect of strength training with blood flow restriction on muscle power and submaximal strength in eumenorrheic women. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 2017 Mar; 37(2):221-8.
  29. Maud PJ, Foster C. Physiological assessment of human fitness. Human Kinetics; 2006; 2:1-8.
  30. Delextrat A, Martinez A. Small-sided game training improves aerobic capacity and technical skills in basketball players. International journal of sports medicine. 2013 Oct 15:385-91.
  31. Iacono AD, Eliakim A, Meckel Y. Improving fitness of elite handball players: small-sided games vs. high-intensity intermittent training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2015 Mar 1; 29(3):835-43.
  32. Sheikholeslami VD, Ahmadi K. The effect of acute consumption of HMB and creatine supplement on oxidative and antioxidant indices after resistance exercise in trained men. (2017); 71-78. [In Persian]
  33. Salyers ZR. The Effect Of Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training On Body Composition And Muscular Strength In College-Aged Individuals (Doctoral dissertation, Eastern Kentucky University). 2017.
  34. Razeke MK, Iri AR, Amani AR. Effect of five weeks of plyometric training in lower limb with and without blood flow restriction on anaerobic power, muscle strength, agility, speed, limb circumference, body composition in young male volleyball players. InInternational Conference of Sports Science-AESA 2020 Jul 21 (No. 3, pp. 20-20). [In Persian]
  35. Bhuvanendhiran K, Devaki D, Rathinakamalan S, Krishnaswamy K. Effect of Plyometric and Maximal Power Training on Anaerobic Power. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021 May 25; 25(6):4456-9.
  36. Wilmore Jack H. Physiology of Sport and Exercise/Jack H. Wilmore, David L. Costill, W. Larry. Kenney Human Kinetics. 2008; (448): 51.
  37. Cronin J, McNair PJ, Marshall RN. Velocity specificity, combination training and sport specific tasks. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2001 Jun 1; 4(2):168-78.
  38. Horiuchi M, Endo J, Sato T, Okita K. Jump training with blood flow restriction has no effect on jump performance. Biology of sport. 2018 Dec; 35(4):343-8.
  39. Mohammadi Joneid Abad M, Hosseini-Kakhk SA, Askari R. The Effect of Three Types of Resistance Training Program (Plyometric with/without Vascular Occlusion and Power-Resistance Training) on Selected Physical Fitness Factors in Female Athletes. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2017 Jan 20; 8(4):495-515. [In Persian]
  40. Laurentino GC, Ugrinowitsch CA, Roschel HA, Aoki MS, Soares AG, MANOEL NEVES JR, Aihara AY, Fernandes AD, Tricoli V. Strength training with blood flow restriction diminishes myostatin gene expression. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2012 Mar 1; 44(3):406-12.
  41. Boobani, B., & Līcis, R. Effectiveness of Plyometric training with Blood flow restriction on Explosive Power in Teakwondo Atheletes. Lase Journal Of Sport Science is a Scientific Journal published two times per year in Sport Science LASE Journal for sport scientists and sport experts/specialists. 2019; 2(10): 69-80.
  42. Bin Shamshuddin MH, Hasan H, Azli MS, Mohamed MN, Razak FA. Effects of plyometric training on speed and agility among recreational football players. International Journal of Human Movemalet and Sports Sciences. 2020; 8(5).
  43. Myer GD, Ford KR, Brent JL, Hewett TE. The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2006 May 1; 20(2):345-53.
  44. Lephart SM, Abt JP, Ferris CM, Sell TC, Nagai T, Myers JB, Irrgang JJ. Neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristic changes in high school athletes: a plyometric versus basic resistance program. British journal of sports medicine. 2005 Dec 1;39(12):932-8.
  45. Khodaei K, Hamedinia MR, Hosseini Kakhk SA, Damavandi M. The Effect of Six Weeks Plyometric Training with Nonlinear Periodization on Hormonal Changes, Muscle Hypertrophy and Leg Muscles Elastic Property in Male Athletes (Nonlinear Periodization of Plyometric Training and Hormonal Changes). Sport Physiology. 2016 Oct 22; 8(31):45-62. [In Persian]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 19 July 2023
  • Accept Date: 07 August 2023
  • First Publish Date: 19 September 2023
  • Publish Date: 22 November 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics