پاسخ‌های هایپرتروفی و هورمونی به یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی با دو پروتکل متفاوت در مردان دوندة سرعتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشکدة علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: تمرین مقاومتی برنامه‌ای مؤثر برای ایجاد سازگاری‌های هورمونی، عملکردی و ساختاری است که دستکاری متغیرهای آن موجب القای سازگاری‌های متفاوتی می‌شود. تغییر در میزان ترشح و سطح سرمی هورمون‌ها بر اثر تمرین مقاومتی اصلی‌ترین عامل در ساخت پروتئین و هایپرتروفی عضلات اسکلتی است و این تغییرات هورمونی موجب سازگاری‌های حاد و مزمن در سطح مقطع عضله می‌شود، بنابراین هدف این پژوهش بررسی پاسخ‌های هایپرتروفی و هورمونی به یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی با دو شیوة متفاوت در مردان دوندة سرعتی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: بدین‌منظور ۴۵ داوطلب مرد دونده (سن ۱/۷ ± ۲۱ سال، وزن ۳۵/۴ ± ۵/۶۷ کیلوگرم و شاخص تودة بدن ۰۳/۱ ± ۲۲ کیلوگرم بر متر مربع) به‌صورت تصادفی در سه گروه 15 نفره (گروه تمرینی با بار زیاد، گروه تمرینی با بار کم و گروه کنترل) تقسیم شدند. شیوة تمرین شامل هفت حرکت (پرس سینه با هالتر، پرس پا، جلوبازو هالتر، پرس شانة ایستاده با هالتر، پشت پا ماشین، زیر بغل سیم و پشت‌بازو ماشین) هر حرکت سه نوبت با شدت۷۰ درصد یک تکرار بیشینه، تکرار تا سر حد خستگی برای گروه تمرینی با بار زیاد، هفت حرکت (پرس سینه با هالتر، پرس پا، جلوبازو هالتر، پرس شانة ایستاده با هالتر، پشت پا ماشین، زیر بغل سیم و پشت‌بازو ماشین)، هر حرکت سه نوبت با شدت ۳۰ درصد یک تکرار بیشینه، تکرار تا سر حد خستگی برای گروه تمرینی با بار کم و بدون فعالیت برای گروه کنترل بود. ضخامت عضلات دوسر بازو و پهن خارجی و سطوح سرمی هورمون‌های کورتیزول، IGF-1 و تستوسترون در دو مرحله (پیش‌آزمون و نیم ساعت پس از یک جلسه تمرین) اندازه‌گیری شد. آزمون‌های شاپیروویلک و لوین به‌ترتیب برای تأیید طبیعی بودن توزیع داده‌ها و همگنی واریانس‌ها انجام گرفت.
نتایج: نتایج آزمون تی زوجی نشان داد که غلظت پلاسمایی تستوسترون (0۰5/۰=P)، IGF-1 (0۰4/۰=P)، کورتیزول (۰0۲/۰=P)،T/C  (۰۰۱/۰>P)، ضخامت عضلة دوسر بازو (۰۰۱/۰>P) و ضخامت عضلة پهن جانبی (۰۰۱/۰>P) فقط در گروه تمرینی با بار زیاد نسبت به پیش‌آزمون افزایش یافت. همچنین نتایج آنوا و آزمون تعقیبی بن‌فرونی نشان داد که میانگین غلظت پلاسمایی تستوسترون، IGF-1، کورتیزول،T/C ، ضخامت عضلة دوسر بازو و عضلة پهن جانبی در گروه تمرینی با بار زیاد نسبت به گروه تمرینی با بار کم (۰۵/۰≥P) و گروه کنترل (0۵/۰≥P) در پس‌آزمون به‌طور معناداری بالاتر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: تمرین مقاومتی با شدت ۳۰ درصد یک تکرار بیشینه تغییر معناداری در سطح سرمی هورمون‌ها و هایپرتروفی ایجاد نکرد و به‌نظر می‌رسد که هایپرترفی ایجادشده پس از یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی حاد با شدت ۷۰ درصد یک تکرار بیشینه (و با تکرارهایی تا رسیدن به خستگی) ناشی از تغییرات هورمونی به‌دلیل فشار متابولیک باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Hypertrophic and hormonal responses to one session of resistance training with two different protocols in men’s sprint runner

نویسندگان [English]

  • Diyar Mohammed Ali Albajalan
  • Naser Rostamzadeh
  • Daruush sheikholeslamivatani
Department of physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Resistance training (RT) is an effective program for creating hormonal, functional and structural adaptations, so that manipulation of its variables induces different adaptations. Change in the secretion rate and serum level of hormones due to resistance activity is the main factor in protein synthesis and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles, so the purpose of this study was to investigate hypertrophic and hormonal responses to a session of resistance training with two different protocols in men’s sprint runner.
Material and Methods: 45 men volunteers (age: 21± 1.7 year, weight: 67.5± 4.35 kg and BMI: 22 ± 1.03 kg/m2) were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people (high-load training, low-load training and control). The training protocol includes seven movements (chest press with barbell, leg extension, biceps barbell, standing shoulder press with barbell, seated leg machine, lat pull down and triceps machine), three sets with 70% 1-RM to failure for training group with high load, seven movements (chest press with barbell, leg extension, biceps barbell, standing shoulder press with barbell, Seated leg machine, lat pull down and triceps machine), three sets with 30% 1-RM to failure for training group with low load, and no activity for control group. Thickness of biceps and vastus lateralis and serum levels of cortisol, IGF-1, testosterone hormones and testosterone/cortisol (T/C) ratio were measured at two stages (pre-test and 30 minute after the RT). The Shapiro–Wilk and the Levine tests were performed to confirm the normality of data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively.
Results: The result of paired-sample t test showed serum concentration of testosterone (P=0.005), IGF-1 (P=0.004), cortisol (P=0.020), T/C (P<0.001), thickness of biceps (P=0.001) and thickness of vastus lateralis (P=0.001) were increased only in RT group with high load compared to the pre-test. Also, the results of ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test showed the mean of serum concentration of testosterone, IGF-1, cortisol, T/C, thickness of biceps and vastus lateralis in high-load training group was significantly higher than the low-load training (P ≤ 0.05) and control (P ≤ 0.05) groups in the post-test.
Conclusion: Although one session of resistance training with an intensity of 30% of 1RM did not cause a significant change in the serum level of hormones and hypertrophy, it seems that hypertrophy produced after a 70% of 1-RM acute resistance training protocol (and with repetition to failure) appears to be due to hormonal changes due to metabolic stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Testosterone
  • Cortisol
  • Resistance exercise
  • IGF-1
  • Muscle thickness

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 07 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1402

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