Background: Overweight and obesity are associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) are two key enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, and alterations in their activity may contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Although concurrent training is considered an effective non-pharmacological strategy for improving body composition and cardiometabolic health, its effects on circulating LPL and HL concentrations remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of upper-body- and lower-body-based concurrent training on plasma levels of LPL and HL, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) in overweight men. Methods: Thirty-seven overweight men from Sanandaj voluntarily participated in this semi-experimental study and were randomly assigned to three groups: upper-body-based concurrent training (n = 14), lower-body-based concurrent training (n = 14), and control (n = 9). Both experimental groups completed a supervised 10-week concurrent training program consisting of resistance exercise followed by aerobic exercise, three sessions per week. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected before and after the intervention. Plasma concentrations of LPL and HL were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was applied to examine the effects of time, group, and time × group interaction. Significant interactions were followed by one-way analyses of variance. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: No significant effects of time, group, or time × group interaction were observed for plasma LPL (time: P = 0.07; interaction: P = 0.59; group: P = 0.33) or HL (time: P = 0.24; interaction: P = 0.73; group: P = 0.91). In contrast, body weight and BMI demonstrated significant time effects and significant time × group interactions (both P = 0.001). Post hoc analyses revealed significant reductions in body weight and BMI in both upper-body- and lower-body-based concurrent training groups (both P = 0.001), whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. The magnitude of improvement was comparable between the two exercise interventions. Conclusion: A 10-week concurrent training program, regardless of whether resistance exercises primarily emphasized the upper or lower body, significantly improved body weight and BMI but did not induce measurable changes in circulating LPL or HL concentrations in overweight men. These findings suggest that favorable alterations in body composition may occur independently of detectable changes in these circulating lipolytic enzymes over a 10-week intervention. Future studies with longer intervention periods, rigorous dietary control, and direct assessment of tissue-specific enzyme activity are warranted to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced adaptations in lipid metabolism.