The Effect of Two Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training on Salvage nucleotide pathway

Document Type : original article

Authors

Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: The effects of exercise adaptation on improving the purine nucleotides components are inevitable, and physical activity improves the purine nucleotide salvage pathway. The impact of different training methods, especially the very high intensity exercise and very short bouts and short training periods is not well understood. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the possible compatibility of high intensity interval training on hypoxanthine, xanthine, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and serum uric acid in a short-term.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, eighteen healthy, untrained, male with mean and standard deviation were age 21.95 ± 2.34 years old and BMI 22.95 ± 2.84 kg/m2 eligible volunteers were randomly divided into control and training groups. The training group cycled the bicycle ergometer with maximum intensity for two weeks (three sessions per week) with 15-second repetitions and a 4-minute rest between the sets. Blood samples were collected for measuring HGPRT, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid before and 48 hours after the last training session, and data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Alpha level of 0.05.
Results: A significant increase was found in the levels of hypoxanthine (P = 0.001), xanthine (P = 0.001) and statistically significant reduction was found in uric acid (P = 0.02), and HGPRT enzyme was not significantly different the two groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that high intensity interval training causes the excretion of more purine bases such as hypoxanthine and xanthine, and reduce uric acid at rest is possibly increase antioxidant capacity.

Keywords

References

  1. Pang B, McFaline JL, Burgis NE, Dong M, Taghizadeh K, Sullivan MR, et al. Defects in purine nucleotide metabolism lead to substantial incorporation of xanthine and hypoxanthine into DNA and RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012;109(7): 2319-24.
  2. Lehninger A, Nelson DL, Cox MM. Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry. W H Freeman. 2005.
  3. Zielinski J, Kusy K. Hypoxanthine: a universal metabolic indicator of training status in competitive sports. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2015; 43(4):214-21.
  4. Zieliński J, Kusy K, Rychlewski T. Effect of training load structure on purine metabolism in middle-distance runners. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2011;43(9):1798-807.
  5. Torres RJ, Puig JG. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosophoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 2007;2(1):48.
  6.  Kostalova E, Pavelka K, Vlaskova H, Stiburkova B. Hyperuricemia and gout due to deficiency of hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in female carriers: New insight to differential diagnosis. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2015;440:214-7.
  7.  Ames BN, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Hochstein P. Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant-and radical-caused aging and cancer: a Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1981;78(11):6858-62.

8  .Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Uric acid: A new look at an old risk marker for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The urate redox shuttle. Nutrition & metabolism. 2004;1(1):10.

  1. Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F, Quinones A, Iervasi G, Vassalle C. Exercise and oxidative stress: Potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition. 2015;31(7):916-22.

10 .Vassalle C, Mazzone A, Sabatino L, Carpeggiani C. Uric Acid for Cardiovascular Risk: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hide? Diseases. 2016;4(1):12.

11 .Gliozzi M, Malara N, Muscoli S, Mollace V. The treatment of hyperuricemia. International journal of cardiology. 2016;213:23-7.

  1. Battelli MG, Polito L, Bolognesi A. Xanthine oxidoreductase in atherosclerosis pathogenesis: Not only oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis. 2014;237(2):562-7.

13.. Fang P, Li X, Luo JJ, Wang H, Yang X-f. A double-edged sword: uric acid and neurological disorders. Brain disorders & therapy. 2013;2(2):109.

  1. Zieliński J, Kusy K, Słomińska E. Alterations in purine metabolism in middle-aged elite, amateur, and recreational runners across a 1-year training cycle. European journal of applied physiology. 2013;113(3):763-73.

15 .Gibala MJ, Little JP, MacDonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low‐volume, high‐intensity interval training in health and disease. The Journal of physiology. 2012;590(5):1077-84.

  1. 16. Bartlett JD, Close GL, MacLaren DP, Gregson W, Drust B, Morton JP. High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: implications for exercise adherence. Journal of sports sciences. 2011;29(6):547-53.

17  .Trapp EG, Chisholm DJ, Freund J, Boutcher SH. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. International journal of obesity. 2008;32(4):684-91.

18 .Tschakert G, Hofmann P. High-intensity intermittent exercise: methodological and physiological aspects. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 2013;8(6):600-10.

19  .Sjödin B, Westing YH. Changes in plasma concentration of hypoxanthine and uric acid in man with short-distance running at various intensities. International journal of sports medicine. 1990;11(06):493-5.

20  .Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJ, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. Journal of applied physiology. 2005;98(6):1985-90.

  1. Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. Journal of applied physiology. 1974;37(2):247-8.

22 .Zieliński J, Rychlewski T, Kusy K, Domaszewska K, Laurentowska M. The effect of endurance training on changes in purine metabolism: a longitudinal study of competitive long-distance runners. European journal of applied physiology. 2009;106(6):867-76.

  1. 23. Balsom P, Seger J, Sjödin B, Ekblom B. Physiological responses to maximal intensity intermittent exercise. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1992;65(2):144-9.
  2. 24. Sahlin K, Tonkonogi M, Söderlund K. Plasma hypoxanthine and ammonia in humans during prolonged European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1999;80(5):417-22.

25  .Gerber T, Borg ML, Hayes A, Stathis CG. High-intensity intermittent cycling increases purine loss compared with workload-matched continuous moderate intensity cycling. European journal of applied physiology. 2014;114(7):1513-20.

26  .Degoutte F, Jouanel P, Filaire E. Energy demands during a judo match and recovery. British journal of sports medicine. 2003;37(3):245-9.

27  .Ghanbari-Niaki A HkM, Hamedinia MR. Comparison of Circuit Training Based on Wrestling Techniques with Wrestling Traditional Training Regarding

the Effectiveness on Purine Metabolism. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology abd Metabolism. 2017;18(5):386-92.

28  .Stathis C, Febbraio M, Carey M, Snow R. Influence of sprint training on human skeletal muscle purine nucleotide metabolism. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1994;76(4):1802-9.

29  .Ishikawa T, Aw W, Kaneko K. Metabolic interactions of purine derivatives with human ABC transporter ABCG2: genetic testing to assess gout risk. Pharmaceuticals. 2013;6(11):1347-60.

  1.  Bizheh N, Jaafari M. Effects of regular aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and levels of fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and uric acid in healthy and inactive middle aged men. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2012;14(3):20-9.
  2.  Shemshaki A, GHANBARI NA, Rajab H, SALAMI F, HEDAYATI S. Intense alpine skiing exercise on anti oxidant status of male skiers. 2007.
  3.  Nishida Y, Iyadomi M, Higaki Y, Tanaka H, Hara M, Tanaka K. Influence of physical activity intensity and aerobic fitness on the anthropometric index and serum uric acid concentration in people with obesity. Internal Medicine. 2011;50(19):2121-8.
  4.  Niskanen LK, Laaksonen DE, Nyyssönen K, Alfthan G, Lakka H-M, Lakka TA, et al. Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study. Archives of internal medicine. 2004;164(14):1546-51.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 August 2020
  • Revise Date: 07 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 27 December 2020
  • First Publish Date: 21 November 2021
  • Publish Date: 21 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics