The Effect of Eight Weeks Resistance and Endurance training on Some Angiogenesis factors of Hippocampus Tissue in male Wistar rats

Document Type : original article

Authors

Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: One of the cause of adaptations due to exercise training is increased capillary density or angiogenesis. increased blood flow to hippocampus tissue causes improvement of memory, learning and neurogenesis process and prevention from accession brain disease like Alzheimer. The Aim of this study was to compare the effect of Eight weeks resistance and Endurance running on VEGF-A and FGF-2 levels of hippocampus tissue in male Wistar rats.
Methods: This study in aim perspective was developmental and in method perspective was Experimental. For this aim 32 male Wistar rats, divided randomly in four groups (Resistance Training, Running, Sham and control) and training groups exercised for eight weeks. For evaluation of VEGF-A and FGF-2 concentrations of hippocampus tissue used from sandwich Elisa method and for hypothesizes test from one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc used.
Results: Results show that Eight weeks’ resistance and endurance training Respectively cause significant increase in VEGF-A (P = 0.000), (P = 0.000) and FGF-2 (P = 0.000), (P = 0.000) than to control group. Also there are significant different in concentrations of VEGF-A (P = 0.000) and FGF-2 (P = 0.000) of hippocampus tissue between resistance and endurance running groups. In addition, no significant differences was observed in VEGF-A (P = 0.982) and FGF-2 (P = 1.000) indexes between exercise sham and control groups.
Conclusion: Results of this study show that eight weeks’ resistance training cause more significant increase on effective angiogenic factors in hippocampus tissue of male Wistar rats than endurance running training group.

Keywords


  1. Gavin T, Drew J, Kubik C, Pofahl W, Hickner R. Acute resistance exercise increases skeletal muscle angiogenic growth factor expression. Acta physiologica. 2007;191(2):139-46.
  2. Interaction of endostatin 2. Rehn M, Veikkola T, Kukk-Valdre E, Nakamura H, Ilmonen M, Lombardo CR, et with integrins implicated in angiogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001;98(3):1024-9.
  3. Fox SB, Gasparini G, Harris AL. Angiogenesis: pathological, prognostic, and growth-factor pathways and their link to trial design and anticancer drugs. The lancet oncology. 2001;2(5):278-89.
  4. Hanahan D, Folkman J. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. cell. 1996;86(3):353-64
  5. Otrock ZK, Mahfouz RA, Makarem JA, Shamseddine AI. Understanding the biology of angiogenesis: review of the most important molecular mechanisms. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. 2007;39(2):212-20.
  6. Otrock ZK, Makarem JA, Shamseddine AI. Vascular endothelial growth factor family of ligands and receptors. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. 2007;38(3):258-68
  7. Mehri Alvar Y, Sayevand Z, Erfani Adab F, Heydari Moghadam R, Samavat Sharif MA, Karami S. The effects of five weeks’ resistance training on some vascular growth factors in sedentary men.Exercise physiology.2015;29.15-30
  8. Oosthuyse B, Moons L, Storkebaum E, Beck H, Nuyens D, Brusselmans K, et al. Deletion of the hypoxia-response element in the vascular endothelial growth factor promoter causes motor neuron degeneration. Nature genetics. 2001;28(2):131
  9. Kalaria RN. Small vessel disease and Alzheimer’s dementia: pathological considerations. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2002;13(Suppl. 2):48-52.
  10. Deckel AW, Duffy JD. Vasomotor hyporeactivity in the anterior cerebral artery during motor activation in Huntington’s disease patients. Brain research. 2000;872(1-2):258-61
  11. Levy AP, Levy NS, Wegner S, Goldberg MA. Transcriptional regulation of the rat vascular endothelial growth factor gene by hypoxia. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1995;270(22):13333-40.

     Sondell M. Vascular endothelial growth factor has, 12. Lundborg G, Kanje M. neurotrophic activity and stimulates axonal outgrowth, enhancing cell survival and Schwann cell proliferation in the peripheral nervous system. Journal of Neuroscience. 1999;19(14):5731-40

  1. Silverman W, Krum J, Mani N, Rosenstein J. Vascular, glial and neuronal effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in mesencephalic explant cultures. Neuroscience. 1999;90(4):1529-41.
  2. Krum J, Mani N, Rosenstein J. Angiogenic and astroglial responses to vascular endothelial growth factor administration in adult rat brain. Neuroscience. 2002;110(4):589-604
  3. Storkebaum E, Carmeliet P. VEGF: a critical player in neurodegeneration. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2004;113(1):14-8

     Forsythe 16. JA, Jiang B-H, Iyer NV, Agani F, Leung SW, Koos RD, et al. Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Molecular and cellular biology. 1996;16(9):4604-13

  1. Liu Y, Cox SR, Morita T, Kourembanas S. Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in endothelial cells: identification of a 5′ enhancer. Circulation research. 1995;77(3):638-43.
  2. Wittko-Schneider IM, Schneider FT, Plate KH. Brain homeostasis: VEGF receptor 1 and 2 two unequal brothers in mind. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2013;70(10):1705-25
  3. Uysal N, Kiray M, Sisman A, Camsari U, Gencoglu C, Baykara B, et al. Effects of voluntary and involuntary exercise on cognitive functions, and VEGF and BDNF levels in adolescent rats. Biotechnic & Histochemistry. 2015;90(1):55-68.

      Peggie W. Exercise for special populations.2011..20

  1. Brixius K, Schoenberger S, Ladage D, Knigge H, Falkowski G, Hellmich M, et al. Long-term endurance exercise decreases antiangiogenic endostatin signalling in overweight men aged 50–60 years. British journal of sports medicine. 2008;42(2):126-9
  2. Lee S, Barton ER, Sweeney HL, Farrar RP. Viral expression of insulin-like growth factor-I enhances muscle hypertrophy in resistance-trained rats. Journal of applied physiology. 2004;96(3):1097-104
  3. Bedford TG, Tipton CM, Wilson NC, Oppliger RA, Gisolfi CV. Maximum oxygen consumption of rats and its changes with various experimental procedures. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1979;47(6):1278-83.
  4. Leandro CG, Levada AC, Hirabara SM, Manhães-de-Castro R. A program of moderate physical training for Wistar rats based on maximal oxygen consumption. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2007;21(3):751.
  5. Rezae R,Noorshahi M,Bigdeli MR,Khodagholi F,Haghparast A. Effect of eight weeks continues and HIIT exercises on VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 levels in stratum, hippocampus and cortex of wistar rat brain .2014;16.1213-1221
  6. Latimer CS, Searcy JL, Bridges MT, Brewer LD, Popović J, Blalock EM, et al. Reversal of glial and neurovascular markers of unhealthy brain aging by exercise in middle-aged female mice. PloS one. 2011;6(10):e26812
  7. Lezi E, Burns JM, Swerdlow RH. Effect of high-intensity exercise on aged mouse brain mitochondria, neurogenesis, and inflammation. Neurobiology of aging. 2014;35(11):2574-83
  8. Schulze‐Tanzil G, Al‐Sadi O, Wiegand E, Ertel W, Busch C, Kohl B, et al. The role of pro‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines in tendon healing and rupture: new insights. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2011;21(3):337-51
  9. Poulaki V, Joussen AM, Mitsiades N, Mitsiades CS, Iliaki EF, Adamis AP. Insulin-like growth factor-I plays a pathogenetic role in diabetic retinopathy. The American journal of pathology. 2004;165(2):457-69
  10. Thum T, Tsikas D, Frölich JC, Borlak J. Growth hormone induces eNOS expression and nitric oxide release in a cultured human endothelial cell line. FEBS letters. 2003;555(3):567-71
  11. Lin J, Zhou J, Xu W, Hong Z, Peng J. Qianliening capsule inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia angiogenesis via the HIF‑1α signaling pathway. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2014;8(1):118-24
  12. Roozbahani P, Mirzae B.Effect of high interval training in normobaric and normoxi hypoxia conditions on IL-6 serum values and It,s relationship with glucose in anathletes youngs. journal of exercise physiology.2013.6(24).15-30
  13. Höffner L, Nielsen JJ, Langberg H, Hellsten Y. Exercise but not prostanoids enhance levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and other proliferative agents in human skeletal muscle interstitium. The Journal of physiology. 2003;550(1):217-25
  14. Caraci F, Battaglia G, Bruno V, Bosco P, Carbonaro V, Giuffrida ML, et al. TGF‐β1 pathway as a new target for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics. 2011;17(4):237-49
  15. Cotman CW, Berchtold NC, Christie L-A. Exercise builds brain health: key roles 464-472 of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends in neurosciences. 2007;30(9)
  16. Carro E, Trejo JL, Busiguina S, Torres-Aleman I. Circulating insulin-like growth factor I mediates the protective effects of physical exercise against brain insults of different etiology and anatomy. Journal of Neuroscience. 2001;21(15).84-88
  • Receive Date: 19 April 2020
  • Revise Date: 10 April 2021
  • Accept Date: 21 April 2021
  • First Publish Date: 23 September 2021
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2021