The effect of different intensity circuit resistance training on gremlin-1, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and some cardiovascular risk factors in obese men

Document Type : original article

Authors

1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran

2 2Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran

Abstract

Background and Purpose: More Adipose tissue is associated with the increase of inflammatory markers in obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different intensity circuit resistance training on gremlin-1, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and some cardiovascular risk factors in obese men.
Materials and Methods: In a semi-experimental trial, 44 obese men were selected and randomly divided into four groups including control (n=11), low intensity circuit resistance training (n=11), moderate intensity circuit resistance training (n=11) and high-intensity circuit resistance training (n=11) groups. Resistance training was performed in different intensities included 1) High-intensity circuit resistance training (80% 1RM) 2) Moderate intensity circuit resistance (60% 1RM) and 3) Low intensity circuit resistance training (40% 1RM), three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Serum levels of gremlin-1, MIFand Lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL) were measured using kit and ELISA method. Data were analyzed with Analysis of variance with repeated measures, dependent t-test and Bonferroni post hoc test at the P < 0.05.
Results:12 weeks of circular resistance training with low, moderate and high intensity caused a significant decrease in gremlin-1 and MIF levels, significant decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c levels and significant increase in HDL-c levels (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that circular resistance training with different intensities and especially high intensity can be an effective factor in counteracting the increase in observation of cardiovascular risk factors in obese people.

Keywords

References

  1. Wolfram Doehner, Hertzel C Gerstein, Janina Ried, Hyejung Jung, Christian Asbrand, Sibylle Hess, Stefan D Anker, Obesity and weight loss are inversely related to mortality and cardiovascular outcome in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: data from the ORIGIN trial, European Heart Journal. 2020; 41(28):2668–2677.
  2. Pagidipati NJ, Zheng Y, Green JB, McGuire DK, Mentz RJ, Shah S, Aschner P, Delibasi T, Rodbard HW, Westerhout CM, Holman RR, Peterson ED; TECOS Study Group. Association of obesity with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Insights from TECOS. Am Heart J. 2020; 219:47-57.
  3. Kashfi K, Rosen CL, Aslan M. Obesity, Type-2 Diabetes and Cancer: Mechanistic Insights. Crit Rev Oncog. 2019;24(3):285-305
  4. Gustafson B, Hammarstedt A, Hedjazifar S, Hoffmann JM, Svensson P-A, Grimsby J, et al. BMP4 and BMP antagonists regulate human white and beige adipogenesis. Diabetes. 2015;64(5):1670-81.
  5. Hedjazifar S, Shahidi RK, Hammarstedt A, Bonnet L, Church C, Boucher J, et al. The novel adipokine Gremlin 1 antagonizes insulin action and is increased in type 2 diabetes and NAFLD/NASH. Diabetes. 2020;69(3):331-41.
  6. Blüher M. Adipose tissue inflammation: a cause or consequence of obesity-related insulin resistance? Clinical science. 2016;130(18):1603-14.
  7. Morrison MC, Kleemann R. Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and associated hepatic co-morbidities: a comprehensive review of human and rodent studies. Frontiers in immunology. 2015;6:308.
  8. You T, Arsenis NC, Disanzo BL, LaMonte MJ. Effects of exercise training on chronic inflammation in obesity. Sports Medicine. 2013;43(4):243-56.
  9. Sheu WHH, Chang TM, Lee WJ, Ou HC, Wu CM, Tseng LN, et al. Effect of weight loss on proinflammatory state of mononuclear cells in obese women. Obesity. 2008;16(5):1033-8.
  10. Glintborg D, Christensen LL, Kvorning T, Larsen R, Brixen K, Hougaard D, et al. Strength training and testosterone treatment have opposing effects on migration inhibitor factor levels in ageing men. Mediators of inflammation. 2013;2013.
  11. Kumar A, Kar S, Fay Wp. Thrombosis, physical activity, and acute coronary syndromes. Journal of Applied 2011; 111(2): 599-605.
  12. da Silva JL, Maranhão RC, Silva MSM, Dias RG, Freitas FR, Bolani W, et al. Aerobic Training in Young Men Increases the Transfer of Cholesterol to High Density Lipoprotein in Vitro: Impact of High-Density Lipoprotein Size. Lipids. 2019 Jun;54(6-7):381-388.
  13. Hsu CS, Chang ST, Nfor ON, Lee KJ, Lee SS, Liaw YP. Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Taiwanese Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(11):2003.
  14. Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Davies TB, Lazinica B, Krieger JW, Pedisic Z. Effect of Resistance Training Frequency on Gains in Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2018 May;48(5):1207-1220
  15. Kolahdouzi S, Baghadam M, Kani-Golzar FA, Saeidi A, Jabbour G, Ayadi A, et al. Progressive circuit resistance training improves inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in obese men. Physiology & behavior. 2019;205:15-21.
  16. Hills AP, Shultz S, Soares MJ, Byrne NM, Hunter GR, King NA, et al. Resistance training for obese, type 2 diabetic adults: a review of the evidence. Obesity reviews. 2010;11(10):740-9.
  17. Buch A, Kis O, Carmeli E, Keinan-Boker L, Berner Y, Barer Y, Shefer G, Marcus Y, Stern N. Circuit resistance training is an effective means to enhance muscle strength in older and middle-aged adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2017; 37:16-27.
  18. Muñoz-Martínez FA, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ramos-Campo DJ, Alcaraz PE. Effectiveness of Resistance Circuit-Based Training for Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Upper-Body One-Repetition Maximum Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2017 Dec;47(12):2553-2568
  19. Villareal DT, Aguirre L, Gurney AB, Waters DL, Sinacore DR, Colombo E, et al. Aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, in dieting obese older adults. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;376(20):1943-55.
  20. Bruunsgaard H. Physical activity and modulation of systemic low-level inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78: 819-35.
  21. Romero-Arenas S, Martínez-Pascual M, Alcaraz PE. Impact of resistance circuit training on neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and body composition adaptations in the elderly. Aging and disease 2013; 4(5):256-68.
  22. Zanuso S, Bergamin M, Jimenez A, Pugliese G, D'Errico V, Nicolucci A, et al. Determination of metabolic equivalents during low-and high-intensity resistance exercise in healthy young subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. Biology of sport 2016; 33(1):77-84.
  23. Cic Brzycki M. Strength testing: predicting a one – rep max from repetitions-to-fatigue. JOPERD. 1993; 64:88-90
  24. Müller II, Chatterjee M, Schneider M, Borst O, Seizer P, Schönberger T, et al. Gremlin-1 inhibits macrophage migration inhibitory factor-dependent monocyte function and survival. International journal of cardiology. 2014;176(3):923-9.
  25. Müller II, Müller KA, Karathanos A, Schönleber H, Rath D, Vogel S, et al. Impact of counterbalance between macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its inhibitor Gremlin-1 in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2014;237(2):426-32.
  26. Müller KA, Rath D, Schmid M, Schoenleber H, Gawaz M, Geisler T, et al. High Plasma Levels of Gremlin‐1 and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor, but Not Their Ratio, Indicate an Increased Risk for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical cardiology. 2016;39(4):201-6.
  27. Kleemann R, Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: critical role in obesity, insulin resistance, and associated comorbidities. Mediators of inflammation. 2010;2010.
  28. Kim B-S, Pallua N, Bernhagen J, Bucala R. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor protein superfamily in obesity and wound repair. Experimental & molecular medicine. 2015;47(5):e161-e.
  29. Tang H, Tan X, Zhu L, Qin K, Gao H, Bai H. Swimming prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by reducing migration inhibitory factor through Akt suppression and autophagy activation. American Journal of Translational Research. 2019;11(7):4315.
  30. Sakurai T, Izawa T, Kizaki T, Ogasawara J-e, Shirato K, Imaizumi K, et al. Exercise training decreases expression of inflammation-related adipokines through reduction of oxidative stress in rat white adipose tissue. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2009;379(2):605-9.
  31. Nunes PR, Martins FM, Souza AP, Carneiro MA, Orsatti CL, Michelin MA, et al. Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and inflammatory markers in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause. 2019;26(3):256-64.
  32. Miller MB, Pearcey GE, Cahill F, McCarthy H, Stratton SB, Noftall JC, et al. The effect of a short-term high-intensity circuit training program on work capacity, body composition, and blood profiles in sedentary obese men: a pilot study. BioMed research international. 2014;2014.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 January 2021
  • Revise Date: 26 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 16 October 2021
  • First Publish Date: 19 June 2022
  • Publish Date: 22 June 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics