اثر مکمل‌دهی کوتاه‌مدت آستاگزانتین و غوطه‌وری در آب سرد بر سطوح سرمی ایمونوگلوبولین A و اینترلوکین - 6 واترپلوییست‌های تمرین‌کرده پس از فعالیت تناوبی شدید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: تمرین ورزشی در کنار فواید سلامت‌محور خود، عامل مهمی در ایجاد فشار اکسایشی و افزایش التهاب در بدن به‌شمار می‌رود. آستاگزانتین یک کتوکاروتنوئید قرمزرنگ طبیعی با خواص ضداکسایشی بسیار بالاست که می‌تواند التهاب و فشار اکسایشی ناشی از فعالیت‌های ورزشی شدید را کاهش دهد و پاسخ ایمنی را بهبود بخشد. همچنین غوطه‌وری در آب سرد به‌عنوان یک روش بازیافت (بازیابی) مناسب و کم‌هزینه پس از ورزش، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از این‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر مکمل‌دهی آستاگزانتین و غوطه‌وری در آب سرد بر سطوح سرمی ایمونوگلوبولین A و اینترلوکین - 6 واترپلوییست‌های تمرین‌کرده پس از فعالیت تناوبی شدید انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش نیمه‌تجربی دوسوکور، 24 ورزشکار مرد حرفه‌ای واترپلو (با میانگین سنی 68/0±23/18 سال، میانگین قد 08/4±14/181سانتی‌متر و میانگین وزن 22/5±84/79 کیلوگرم) که به شکل منظم تمرین کرده و دارای دست‌کم دو سال سابقة فعالیت حرفه‌ای بودند، به‌صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه مکمل، مکمل - بازیافت، دارونما و دارونما - بازیافت تقسیم شدند. آزمودنی‌ها در دو جلسه فعالیت (پنج نوبت شنای سرعتی 50 متر با بیشینة توان) را انجام دادند و سپس در برنامه‌های بازیافتی ویژة هر گروه شرکت کردند. همچنین بین دو جلسه سه هفته فاصلة زمانی وجود داشت که یک هفتة اول استراحت (واش اوت) و دو هفتة بعدی شامل دریافت 25 میلی‌گرم مکمل آستاگزانتین و دارونما حاوی نشاسته بود که به‌همراه آخرین وعدة غذایی دریافت شد. نمونه‌های خونی در هر جلسه چهار مرتبه (یک ساعت پیش از فعالیت، بلافاصله پس از فعالیت، یک ساعت و 24 ساعت پس از فعالیت) و روی‌هم‌رفته هشت مرتبه گرفته شد و عوامل سرمی ایمونوگلوبولینA  (IgA) و اینترلوکین-6 (IL-6) به روش الایزا، اندازه‌گیری شد. سنجش داده‌ها از طریق نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون تحلیل واریانس یکراهه با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی و آزمون‌های t انجام گرفت و سطح معناداری 05/0≥ α در نظر گرفته شد.
نتایج: پس از فعالیت تناوبی شدید، مقادیر IgA IL-6 , تغییر معنادار یافت (001/0 P ≤). نتایج حاکی از آن بود که دو هفته دریافت مکمل آستاگزانتین سبب افزایش معنادار در بازیابی مقادیر IgA خون پس از ورزش شد (023‌/0=P). همچنین مقادیر IL-6 در گروه‌هایی که مکمل دریافت کرده بودند نسبت به دارونماها کاهش معنادار داشت (03‌/0=P). در گروه‌هایی که غوطه‌وری در آب سرد را انجام دادند، مقادیر IgA و در گروه توأم مکمل-بازیافت مقادیر IL-6 پس از 24 ساعت به حالت پایه بازگشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: مصرف کوتاه‌مدت آستاگزانتین سبب کاهش  IL-6و افزایش سریع‌تر مقادیر IgA پلاسما می‌شود. همچنین شاید غوطه‌وری در آب سرد عامل تسریع بازگشت عوامل اندازه‌گیری‌شده به حالت پایه باشد. بنابراین به‌نظر می‌رسد که دریافت مکمل آستاگزانتین و بازیافت آب سرد پس از ورزش، می‌تواند در کاهش التهاب ناشی از فعالیت ورزشی شدید و تنظیم پاسخ‌های ایمنی، موثر باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of short-term astaxanthin supplementation and cold-water immersion on serum levels of immunoglobulin A and interleukin-6 in trained water polo players following high intensity interval exercise

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadhadi Asghari
  • Roghayeh Fakhrpour
  • Bahloul Ghorbanian
Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: While physical exercise offers numerous health benefits, it is also a significant contributor to oxidative stress and increased inflammation in the body. Astaxanthin, a natural red ketocarotenoid with potent antioxidant properties, may mitigate exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation while enhancing immune responses. Cold water immersion (CWI), a cost-effective recovery method, has also gained attention for post-exercise recovery. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of astaxanthin supplementation and cold-water immersion on serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in trained water polo players following high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE).
Materials and Methods: In this double-blind, semi-experimental trial, 24 professional male water polo athletes (mean±SD; age, 18.41±0.98 yrs; height, 178.8±5.26 cm; weight, 76.58±6.35 kg) with regular training routines and at least two years of professional experience were randomly assigned to four groups: supplement, supplement-recovery, placebo, and placebo-recovery. Participants underwent two HIIE sessions (5 × 50-meter maximal-effort sprints) separated by a three-week interval, with the first week designated as a washout period. During the subsequent two weeks, subjects consumed either 25 mg astaxanthin or a starch-based placebo daily with their final meal. Blood samples were collected at four time points per session (pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, an hour and 24-hours post-exercise), totaling eight measurements. Serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified via ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with one-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc tests, and t-tests, at a significance level of p≤0.05.
Results: Following HIIE, significant changes were observed in IgA and IL-6 levels (p<0.001). Two weeks of astaxanthin supplementation significantly enhanced post-exercise IgA recovery (p=0.023) and reduced IL-6 levels compared to the placebo group (p=0.03). In groups undergoing CWI, IgA levels returned to baseline within 24 hours, while the combined astaxanthin-CWI group demonstrated similar baseline restoration for IL-6.
Conclusion: Short-term astaxanthin supplementation reduces IL-6 and accelerates plasma IgA recovery. CWI may further expedite the return of measured markers to baseline levels. These findings suggest that astaxanthin supplementation and post-acute exercise cold water immersion could effectively reduce exercise-induced inflammation and modulate immune responses in elite athletes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Astaxanthin
  • Recovery
  • Immune Proteins
  • Interleukin-6
  • Interval Training

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 21 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1404

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