نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
2 گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and purpose: In addition to its health-related benefits, exercise is a major factor in causing oxidative stress and increasing inflammation in the body. Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring red ketocarotenoid with very high antioxidant properties that can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress caused by intense exercise and improve immune response.Cold water immersion has also been considered as a suitable and low-cost recovery method after exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of astaxanthin supplementation and cold water immersion on immune responses and plasma levels of some inflammatory markers in elite water polo athletes after intense interval training.
Materials and Methods: In this double-blind, semi-experimental study, 24 professional male water polo athletes (mean age 18.41±0.98 years, height 178.8±5.26 cm, and weight 76.58±6.35 kg) who trained regularly and had at least two years of professional experience were randomly divided into 4 groups: supplement, supplement-recovery, placebo, and placebo-recovery. The subjects performed the training protocol (5 sets of 50-meter speed swimming at maximum power) in two sessions and then recovered. There was also a three-week interval between the two sessions, with the first week being a rest (washout) and the next two weeks including the consumption of 25 mg of astaxanthin supplement and a placebo containing starch, which was consumed with the last meal. Blood samples were collected in four stages in each session (one hour before training, immediately after training, one hour after training, 24 hours after training) and a total of 8 stages, and serum factors immunoglobulin A (IgA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test, and a significance level of (P ≥ 0.05) was considered.
Results: After high-intensity interval training, IgA IL-6 levels changed significantly (P ≤ 0.001). The results indicated that two weeks of astaxanthin supplementation significantly increased the recovery of blood IgA levels after exercise (P = 0.023). IL-6 levels were also significantly reduced in the supplemented groups compared to the control groups (P = 0.03). In the groups that performed cold water immersion, IgA levels and in the combined supplement-recovery group, IL-6 levels returned to baseline after 24 hours.
Conclusion: Based on the results, short-term astaxanthin supplementation reduced IL-6 and increased plasma IgA levels more rapidly. It is also possible that cold water immersion may accelerate the return of measured factors to baseline. Therefore, it seems that astaxanthin supplementation and cold water recovery after exercise may be effective in reducing inflammation caused by intense exercise and regulating immune responses.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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