purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of continuous and interval muscular endurance training on some structural and functional cardio respiratory variables and trained runners’ records. Methodology: 27 young men voluntarily participated in this study. After the introduction session, based on the one-mile record, the subjects were randomly assigned to three groups, namely, interval group, continuous group, and control group, with a mean (±SD) (19.89 ± 3.40 yr , 186.04 ± 5.23 cm , 77.97 ± 8.55 kg). In order to measure the structural and functional cardiac variables, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiograms were used. All The Participants performed the exercises in three sessions per week for 8 weeks. For statistical analysis, a one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test were utilized. Results: The eight- week continuous and interval muscular endurance training had a significant effect on the variables under study (p< 0.05). The results indicated that it had the greatest effect on maximal oxygen consumption, maximum aerobic speed, anaerobic threshold velocity, and left ventricular ejection fraction, and runners’ records in the interval group, and on the stroke volume in the continuous group. With regard to the intra ventricular septum and maximum exhaustion, there was no statistically significant difference among groups. Conclusion: The results indicated that for the purpose of enhancing some variables, which have been strengthened via continuous training, interval training can also be as beneficial.
Kubukeli ZN, Noakes TD, Dennis SC. (2002). Training techniques to improve endurance exercise performances. Sports Med. 32(8):489-509
Laursen , Paul.B, Jenkins OG .(2002). The scientific Basic for High Intensity Interval Training. Sports Med, 32:53-73.
Laursen PB, Shing CM, Peake JM, Coombes JS, Jenkins DG.(2005). Influence of high-intensity interval training on adaptations in well-trained cyclists. J Strength Cond Res . 19(3):527- 533.
Creer AR, Ricard MD, Conlee R.K, Hoyt GL, Parcell AC.(2004). Neural, metabolic, and performance adaptations to four weeks of high intensity sprint-interval training in trained cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 25(2):92-8.
Paavolainen L, Nummela A. (1999). Neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power as determinants of 5 km running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 31(1):124-130
Jung A. The impact of resistance training on distance running performance. (2003). Sports Med. 33(7):539-552
Demarie S, Koralsztein PJ, Billat LV. (2000). Time limit and time at V02max during a continuous intermittent run. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 40:96-102
Coyle EF. Integration of the physiological factors determining endurance performance ability. (1995) Exerc Sport Sci Reviews. 23:25-63
Timothy PS, McNaughton LR, Marshall KJ. (1999). Effect of 4-wk training using vmax / Tmax on V02max and performance in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 31 (6):892-896.
Dermale. PA, Heugas AM, Slawinski IJ, Tricot VM, Koralsztein PJ, Billat LV. (2003). Whichever the initial training status, any increase in velocity at lactate threshold appears as a major factor in improved time to exhaustion at the same severe velocity after training. Archi Physiol& Biochem. 111(2): 167-176.
Esfarjani F, Laursen PB. (2007). Manipulating high- intensity interval training : Effects on vo2max, the lactate threshold and 3000 m running performance in moderately trained mails. J Sci Med Sports. pp : 27-35.
Driller.M.W, Fell JW, Gregory JR, Williams AD. (2009). The effects of high intensity interval training in well trained rowers . international J of sports physiology performance . pp : 110-121 .
Smith, TP, Coombes JS, Geraghty DP. (2003). Optimising high-intensity treadmill training using the running speed at maximal 02 uptake and the time for which this can be maintained. Eur J Appl PhysioI. 89(3-4):337-43
JFleck. S . JCramer. W. (2003). Cardiovascular responses to strength training. International Olympic committee. Published Blackwell Science ltd. pp: 387-406
Marcinik Ej, Schalabach G. (1991). Effects of strength training on lactate threshold and endurance performance. Med sci sports Exerc. 23 (6 ): 739-743.
حسینی ، معصومه. آقاعلی نژاد ، حمید . (1387). تاثیر تمرینات استقامتی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی بر ساختار قلب دختران دانشگاهی، فصلنامه المپیک . سال شانزدهم ، شماره 4 ( پیاپی 44 ) ، ص ص 29-36.
stein R., Camargo MD,Ribeiro JP,Schaan BD. (2002). Circuit weight training and cardiac morphology , institute of cardiology of Rio. Porto Alerge , Brazil .
Alcaraz PE, Blazevich AJ,Sanchez-Lorent J. (2008). Physical performance and cardiovascular responses to an acute bout of heavy resistance circuit training versus traditional strength training. J Strenght Cond Res. May. 22(3):667-71.
Adler Y, Fisman EZ, Morag NK, Tanne D.(2008). Left ventricular diastolic function in trained male weight lifters at Rest and during Isometric Exercise . Am J cardiology. 102 : pp: 97-101.
Astorino TA, Allen RP, Roerson DW.(2012). Effect of high intensity interval training on cardiovascular function, Vo2max , and muscle force , journal of strength conditioning research. 26 (1) , pp: 138-145
Billat LV, Pinoteau J. (1996). Effect of protocol in determination of velocity at VO2max and on time to exhaustion . Arch Physiol Biochem. 104:313-321
Evertsen F, Bonen A. (2001). effect of training intensity on muscle lactate transporters and lactate threshold of cross-country skiers. Acta Physiol Scand. 173:195-205.
Billat LV, Demarle PA, Koralsztein Pj. (2002). Effect of training on the physiological factors of performance in elite marathon runners .Int j Sport Med. 23:336-341
Maud PJ, Foster C. (2006). Physiological assessment of human fitness. Human Kinetics . 2nd ed. pp: 185-190.
M.Lang, Roberto A.Goldstein J .(2011). ASE’S Comprehensive echocardiography. American society of echocardiography. Second edition. ISBN 978-0-323-26011-4
Libby , P. Bonow, R.O. L.Mann, D. (2008). A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 8th Edition. ISBN 978-1-4160-4106-1
Garcin M, Fleury A, Billat LV. (2003). The ratio HLa:RPE as a tool to appreciate overreaching in young high-level middle distance. Int J Sports Med. 23:16-21.
قره داغی ، نیما ، و کردی ، محمدرضا . (1390). تاثیر 4 هفته تمرین متناوب هوازی شدید بر Vo2 max ،Tmax،Vvo2max بازیکنان فوتبال باشگاهی ایران. نشریه علوم زیستی ورزشی . شماره 17. ص ص : 47-57.
معتمدی، پژمان. و رجبی، حمید. (1386). تأثیرترکیب برنامه های تمرینی تداومی و تناوبی، هوازی و مقاومتی بر پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی، شاخص های الکترومایوگرافی و عملکرد دوندگان تمرین کرده استقامتی . رساله دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی ، دانشگاه تربیت معلم .
Edwards , AM, Clark N, Macfadyen AM. (2003). Lactate and ventilatory thresholds reflect the training status of professional soccer players where maximum aerobic power is unchanged. J Sports Sci Med. 2:23-2.
Billat LV, Flechet B, Petit B, Muriaux 0, Koralsztein PJ. (1999). Interval training at V02max : Effects on aerobic performance and overtraining markers. Med Sci Sports Exerc.; 31 (1) 156-163.
Ferley D, Osborn Rw, Vokovich MD. (2013) the Effects of Uphill Vs Level Grade high intensity interval training on Vo2 max , Vmax , VLT, and Tmax in well trained distance runners , journal of strength and conditioning research . 27 (6) , pp: 1549-1559.
Barauna VJ, Roza kt, irigoyen mc, de oliveira. (2007). Effects of Resistance Training on Ventricular Function and Hypertrophy in a Rat Model. Clinical Medicine & Research. Volume 5, Number 2:114-120.
Berland JM. (1996). Echographic evaluation of cardiac response in marathon runners and sedentary adults before and after training. science and sports . 1 :pp: 245- 254
Gyimes ZS, Pavlik G,Simor T. (2004). Morphological and functional differences in cardiac parameters between power and endurance athletes. Acta physiological Hungrica . Vol 91 , Issu 1 , pp: 49-57
فلاح محمدی ، ضیاء ، عباسعلی ،گائینی.(1380). سازشهای ساختاری و عملکردی قلب ورزشکاران . نشریه حرکت. شماره 11. ص 133-146.
ویلمور، جی. کاستیل، دیوید ال. (1393). فیزیولوژی ورزش و فعالیت بدنی، ترجمه دکتر ضیاء معینی و همکاران. ویرایش چهارم. نشر مبتکران، پیشروان
Baggish AL, Wang F,Weiner RB, Elinoff JM. (2008). Training-specific changes in cardiac structure and function: a prospective and longitudinal assessment of competitive athletes. J Appl Physiol. 104: 1121–1128.
Vogelsang T.W, Hanel B, Kristoffersen US, Petersen CL. (2008). Effect of 8 weeks of endurance exercise training on right and left ventricular volume and mass in untrained obese subjects . Scand J Med sci sports. 18 , PP : 354-359.
Shephard , M. (1990). sports medicine . 9 , pp : 199-204 .
Smith TP, Coombes JS,Geraghty DP. (2003). Optimising high- intensity treadmill training using the running speed at maximal 02 uptake and the time for which thise can be maintained. Eury Appl Physiol. (3-4):337-43.
Benedito SD, Marcelo J, Camila C, Marco TD. (2006). Interval training at 95% and 100% of velocity at Vo2max: effects on aerobic physiological indexes and running performance. Nutr Metab. 31: 37-743.
.Sedano , S, Marin PJ, Cuadrado G, Redondo J. (2013). Concurrent training in elite male runners: influence of strength versus muscular endurance training on performance out comes , journal of strength and conditioning research, 27(9), pp: 2433-2443.
(2015). The effect of continuous and interval muscular endurance training on some cardiorespiratory variables and trained runners’ records. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology, 7(2), -. doi: 10.48308/joeppa.2015.98721
MLA
. "The effect of continuous and interval muscular endurance training on some cardiorespiratory variables and trained runners’ records". Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology, 7, 2, 2015, -. doi: 10.48308/joeppa.2015.98721
HARVARD
(2015). 'The effect of continuous and interval muscular endurance training on some cardiorespiratory variables and trained runners’ records', Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology, 7(2), pp. -. doi: 10.48308/joeppa.2015.98721
VANCOUVER
The effect of continuous and interval muscular endurance training on some cardiorespiratory variables and trained runners’ records. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology, 2015; 7(2): -. doi: 10.48308/joeppa.2015.98721