The Effect of 4 Weeks Plyometric Training on Alterations in Serum Levels of Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factor, MDA And SOD in Active Men

Document Type : original article

Abstract



Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations of Serum levels of brain derived neurotrophic
factor, and oxidative stress following a period of plyometric training in active men. Methods: Fourteen healthy active
male students randomly divided into two groups: training (mean age 22.14±1.34 years, height 172.14±3.89 cm, weight
63.42±8.77 kg, BMI 21.42±2.77 kg/m2) and control (mean age 23.85±2.54 years, height 178.57±7.11 cm, weight
71.71±4.53 kg, BMI 22.60±1.90 kg/m2). Training group performed 4 weeks of plyometric training. BDNF,
malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity was measured. Paired sample t-test was used to examine differences
within groups, and independent t-test was utilized to examine differences between groups. Differences were considered to
be significant when p<0.05. Results: In compared within group, BDNF levels of training group did not change
significantly (P> 0.05) compared with before training, whereas serum levels of SOD and MDA increased significantly
(P=0.002, P=0.036, respectively). BDNF and MDA did not change significantly between control and training groups
following 4 weeks of plyometric training (P> 0.05) but caused a significant increase in serum levels of SOD (P= 0.049).
Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate no significant changes in BDNF levels following regular
plyometric training. Regarding increased lipid peroxidation index values in within group and lack of any changes in
between group, can not accurate conclusion about the possible antioxidant role of BDNF against stress induced by
physical activity, so needs to more investigations.

Keywords

References

  1. Numakawa, T.; Matsumoto, T.; Numakawa, Y.; Richards, M.; Yamawaki, S.; Kunugi, H. (2011). Protective Action of Neurotrophic Factors and Estrogen against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neurodegeneration, Journal of Toxicol, Volume 2011.
  2. Hosseinzadeh, S.; Dabidi, R.V.; Mahjoub, S.; Taghipour, D. M. (2012). The Interactive Effect of Lead Acetate and Endurance Training on the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Malondialdehyde Levels in Rat's Cortex, J Babol Univ Med Sci; 14(2).
  3. Tsai, C.Y.; Chan, J.Y.H.; Hsu, K.S.; Chang, A.Y.W.; Chan, S.H.H. (2012). Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Ameliorates Brain Stem Cardiovascular Dysregulation during Experimental Temporal Lobe Status Epilepticus, PLoS ONE 7(3).
  4. Gama, C.S.; Berk, M.; Andreazza, A.C.; Kapczinski, F.; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. (2008). Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in chronically medicated schizophrenic patients: a positive correlation, Rev Bras Psiquiatr; 30(4):337-40.
  5. Klumpp, S.; Kriha, D.; Bechmann, G.; Maasssen, A.; Maier, S.; Pallast, S.; et al. (2005). Phosphorylation of the growth factors bFGF, NGF, and BDNF: a prerequaisite for their biological activity, Neurochem.Int, 48: 131–137.
  6. Ploughman, M.; Granter-Button, S.; Chernenko, G.; Tucker, B.A.; Mearow, K.M.; Corbett, D. (2005). Endurance exercise regimens induce differential effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synapsin-I and insulin-like growth factor I after focal ischemia, Neuroscience, 136: 991–1001.
  7. Yarrow, J.F.; White, L.J.; McCoy, S.C.; Borst, S.E. (2010). Training augments resistance exercise induced elevation of circulating brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Neurosci Lett, 479: 161-5.
  8. Zoladz, J.A.; Pilc, A.; Majerczak, J.; Grandys, M.; Zapart-Bukowska, J.; Duda, K. (2008). Endurance training increases plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration in young healthy men, J Physiol Pharmacol, 7:119-132.
  9. James, S.W.; Lee, T.F. (2012). Effects of Endurance Exercise Training on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline, 15(4).
  10. Goekint, M.; De Pauw, K.; Roelands, B.; Njemini, R.; Bautmans, I.; Mets, T.; Meeusen, R. (2010). Strength training does not influence serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, European Journal Of Applied Physiology, Sep, 110(2): 285-293.
  11. Gaeini, A. A.; Hamedinia, M. R. (2006), The effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress at rest and after exhaustive exercise in the student-athlete, Olympic Journal, 25, 99-111.Schneeberg, A. (2007). Investigation in to the relationship between physical activity and total plasma homocystein, [dissertation] Department of Community Health and Epidemiology in conformity Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September.
  12. Cechetti, F.; Fochesatto, C.; Scopel, D.; Nardin, P.; Gonçalves, C.A.; Netto, C.A.; Siqueira, I.R. (2008). Effect of a neuroprotective exercise protocol on oxidative state and BDNF levels in the rat hippocampus, Brain Research, 1188: 182–188.Clarkson, P.M. (1995). Micronutrients and exercise: antioxidants and minerals, J Sports Sci, 13: 11-24.
  13.  
  14. Radak, Z.; Chung, H.Y.; Goto, S. (2008). Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 44: 153–9.
  15. Radak, Z.; Kumagai, S.; Taylor, A.; Naito, H.; Goto S. (2007). Effects of exercise on brain function: role of free radicals, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab, 32: 942-6.
  16. Atalay, G.N.; Ateşoğlu, U.; Erbaş, D. (2004). Effects of plyometric training with different type of loading on nitric oxide and oxidant-antioxidant systems, Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 15(1): 9-14.Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2008). The influences of diet and exercise on mental health through hormesis, Ageing Research Reviews, 7(1): 49-62.
  17. Chatzinikolaou, A.; Fatouros, I.G.; Gourgoulis, V.; Avloniti, A.; Jamurtas, A.Z.; Nikolaidis, M.G, et al. (2010). Time course of changes in performance and inflammatory responses after acute plyometric exercise, J Strength Cond Res;24(5):1389-98.Wu, A.; Ying, Z.; Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2004). The interplay between oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates the outcome of a saturated fat diet on synaptic plasticity and cognition, Eur J Neurosci, 19(7):1699-707.
  18. Beaton, L.J.; Tarnopolsky, M.A.; Phillips, S.M. (2002). Contraction-induced muscle damage in humans following calcium channel blocker administration, J Physiol, Nov 1;544(Pt 3): 849-59.
  19. Close, G.L.; Ashton, T.; Cable, T.; Doran, D.; MacLaren, D.P. (2004). Eccentric exercise, isokinetic muscle torque and delayed onset muscle soreness: the role of reactive oxygen species, Eur J Appl Physiol, May;91(5-6):615-21.
  20. Radcliffe, J.C., Fox R.C. (2007). Theoretical and Applied plyometric, Translated by: Zia fallah mohammadi, Mazandaran University Press.
  21. Draper, H.H.; Hadley, M. (1990). MDA determination as an index of lipid peroxidation, Methods Enzymol, 186: 421-430.
  22. Kono, Y. (1978). Generation of Superoxide radical during auto-oxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.186, 189–95.
  23. Nofuji, Y.; Suwa, M.; Moriyama, Y.; Nakano, H.; Ichimiya, A.; Nishichi, R. et al. (2008). Decreased serum-brain derived neurotrophic factor in trained men, Neuro. Lett. 437: 29–32.
  24. Currie, J.; Ramsbottom, R.; Ludlow, H.; Nevill, A.; Gilder, M. (2009). Cardio-respiratory fitness, habitual physical activity and serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in men and women, Neuroscience Letters, 451: 152–155.
  25. Sakuma, k.; and Yamaguchi, A. (2011). The Recent Understanding of the Neurotrophin’s Role in Skeletal Muscle Adaptation. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2011.
  26. Rasmussen, P.; Brassard, P.; Adser, H.; Pedersen, M.V.; Leick, L.; Hart, E., et al. (2009). Evidence for a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from the brain during exercise. Exp Physiol;94:1062-9.
  27. Seifert, T.; Brassard, P.; Wissenberg, M.; Rasmussen, P.; Nordby, P.; Stallknecht, B. (2010). Endurance training enhances BDNF release from the human brain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol; 298:R372-7.
  28. Kapczinski, F.; Frey, B.N.; Andreazza, A.C.; Kauer-Sant'Anna, M.; Cunha, A.B.; Post, R.M. (2008). Increased oxidative stress as a mechanism for decreased BDNF levels in acute manic episodes, Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Sep;30(3):243-245.
  29. Radak, Z.; Toldy, A.; Szabo, Z.; Siamilis, S.; Nyakas, C.; Silye, G.; et al. (2006). The effects of training and detraining on memory, neurotrophins and oxidative stress markers in rat brain, Neurochemistry International, 49: 387–392.
  30. Piercy, R.J.; Hinchcliff, K.W.; DiSilvestro, R.A.; Reinhart, G.A.; Baskin, C.R.; Hayek, M.G.; et al. (2000). Effect of dietary supplements containing antioxidants on attenuation of muscle damage in exercising sled doges, American journal of Veterinary research, 61 (11), 1438-1445.
  31. Oliveira, A.R.; Schneider, C.D.; Ribeiro, J.L.; Deresz, L.F.; Barp, J.; Bello-Klin, A. (2003). Oxidative stress after three different intensities of running, Med.Sci.Sport.Exer, 35(5), Supplement.
Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology
Volume 9, Issue 2 - Serial Number 18
September 2016
Pages 1447-1454

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 February 2017
  • Revise Date: 11 June 2024
  • Accept Date: 31 December 2020
  • First Publish Date: 31 December 2020
  • Publish Date: 21 November 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics