The Effect of Exercise with Different Intensity and Volume on fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) Gene Expression in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose tissue in Male Rats

Document Type : original article

Authors

1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Payam Noor University, Karaj, Iran

2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

Purpose: Obesity is the cause of many diseases and the growth of adipose tissue is related to its vascular changes. Studies show that various exercises can affect vascular adipose tissue regulation. The purpose of the present research was to study the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continues training (MICT) on fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of male Wistar rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rat (Age 8 weeks and weighing 220-250 grams), as the study samples, were divided randomly to basal control, 8 weeks control, HIIT training, and MICT training groups. Exercise training groups practiced on rodent’s treadmill 5 days per week, for 8 weeks. In MICT groups, the duration and intensity of training protocol were 15 to 60 minutes and 50-75% of VO2max, respectively. In the HIIT group, rats run 4-8×1 min with 70-100% of VO2max and 1 min active recovery with 50-70% VO2max. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples were removed 48 hours after the last training session. Real-Time PCR method used to assess FGF-2 gene expression.
Results: Results showed that after 8 weeks of MICT and HIIT training, FGF-2 gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues increased and decreased respectively, although these changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that despite the lack of significant effect of exercise on FGF-2 gene expression, the different responses of the subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues to exercise activity reflected different angiogenic activity. In general, several different angiogenic factors are involved in this process which needs more study.

Keywords

References

1. Rojas-Rodriguez R, Gealekman O, Kruse ME, Rosenthal B, Rao K, Min S, Bellve KD, Lifshitz LM, Corvera S. Adipose tissue angiogenesis assay. Method Enzymol. 2014; 537: 75-91.
2. Christiaens V, Lijnen HR. Angiogenesis and development of adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010; 318(1): 2-9.
3. Lijnen HR. Angiogenesis and obesity. Cardiovasc Res. 2007; 78 (2): 286-293.
4. Tahergurabi Z, Khazaei M. Obesity and Angiogenesis. IUMS. 2012; 29(173): 1-16. [In Persian].
5. Korivi M, Hou C-W, Chen C-Y, Lee J-P, Kesireddy SR, Kuo C-H. Angiogenesis: Role of exercise training and aging. Adapt Med. 2010; 2: 29-41.
6. Cao R, Brakenhielm E, Wahlestedt C, Thyberg J, Cao Y. Leptin induces vascular permeability and synergistically stimulates angiogenesiswith FGF-2 and VEGF. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98(11): 6390-6395.
7. Powers C, McLeskey S, Wellstein A. Fibroblast growth factors, their receptors and signaling. Endocr-Relat Cancer. 2000; 7: 165-197.
8. Pang C, Gao Z, Yin J, Zhang J, Jia W, Ye J. Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue may promote angiogenesis for adipose tissue remodeling in obesity. Am J Physiol-Endoc M. 2008; 295(2): E313-E322.
9. Cullberg KB, Christiansen T, Paulsen SrK, Bruun JM, Pedersen SBnk ,Richelsen Br. Effect of weight loss and exercise on angiogenic factors in the circulation and in adipose tissue in obese subjects. Obesity. 2010; 21(3): 454-60.
10. Disanzo BL, You T. Effects of exercise training on indicators of adipose tissue angiogenesis and hypoxia in obese rats. Metabolism. 2014; 63(4): 452-455.
11. Hatano D, Ogasawara J, Endoh S, Sakurai T, Nomura S, Kizaki T, Komabayashi T, Izawa T. Effect of exercise training on the density of endothelial cells in the white adipose tissue of rats. Scand J Med Sci Spor. 2011; 21(6): e115-e121.
12. Czarkowska-Paczek B, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Bartlomiejczyk I, Przybylski J, Gorski J. The influence of physical exercise on the generation of TGF-β, PDGF-AA, and VEGF-A in adipose tissue. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111(5): 875-881.
13. Ye J, Gao Z, Yin J, He Q. Hypoxia is a potential risk factor for chronic inflammation and adiponectin reduction in adipose tissue of ob/ob and dietary obese mice. Am J Physiol-Endoc M. 2007. 293 (4): E1118-E1128.
14. Ramos JS, Dalleck LC, Tjonna AE, Beetham KS, Coombes JS. The impact of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on vascular function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015; 45(5): 679-692.
15. Lee Y, Min K, Talbert EE, Kavazis AN, Smuder AJ, Willis WT, Powers SK. Exercise protects cardiac mitochondria against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012; 44(3): 397-405.
16. Rahimi M, Shekarforoush S, Asgari AR, Khoshbaten A, Rajabi H, Bazgir B, Mohammadi MT, Sobhani V, Shakibaee A. The effect of high intensity interval training on cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in wistar rats. EXCLI J. 2015; 14: 237-246.
17. Gollisch KS, Brandauer J, Jessen N, Toyoda T, Nayer A, Hirshman MF, Hirshman F, Laurie J. Effects of exercise training on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in normal-and high-fat diet-fed rats. Am J Physiol-Endoc M. 2009; 297(2): E495-E504.
18. Pasarica M, Sereda OR, Redman LM, Albarado DC, Hymel DT, Roan LE, Rood JC, Burk DH, Smith SR. Reduced adipose tissue oxygenation in human obesity. Diabetes. 2009; 58(3): 718-725.
19. Fain JN, Madan AK, Hiler ML, Cheema P, Bahouth SW. Comparison of the release of adipokines by adipose tissue, adipose tissue matrix, and adipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues of obese humans. Endocrinology. 2004; 145(5): 2273-2282.
20. Van Pelt DW, Guth LM, Horowitz JF. Aerobic exercise elevates markers of angiogenesisand macrophage IL-6 gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight-to-obese adults. J Appl Physiol. 2017; 123(5):1150-1159.
21. Walton RG, Finlin BS, Mula J, Long DE, Zhu B, Fry CS, Westgate PM, Lee JD, Bennett T, Kern PA, Peterson CA. Insuline-resistant subjects have normal angiogenic response to aerobic exercise training in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Physiol Rep. 2015; 3(6): e12415.
22. Mehri Alvar Y, Sayevand Z, Erfani Adab F, Heydari Moghadam R, Samavat Sharif MA, Karami S. The effects of five weeks’ resistance training on some vascular growth factors in sedentary men. Sport Physiology. Spring 2016; 8(29): 15-30. [In Persian].
23. Shweiki D, Itin A, Soffer D, Keshet E. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis. Nature. 1992; 359(6398): 843-845.
24. Trenerry MK, Carey KA, Ward AC, Cameron-Smith D. STAT3 signaling is activated in human skeletal muscle following acute resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2007; 102(4):1483-1489.
25. Hagedorn M, Balke M, Schmidt A, Bloch W, Kurz H, Javerzat S, Rousseau B, Wilting J, Bikfalvi A. VEGF coordinates interaction of pericytes and endothelial cells during vasculogenesis and experimental angiogenesis. Dev Dyn. 2004; 230(1): 23-33.
26. Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Antoniades C, Stefanadi E, Stefanadis C. L-Arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis: an alternative treatment for premature atherosclerosis? Int J Cardiol. 2007; 116(3): 300-308.
27. Bloor C. Angiogenesis during exercise and training December. Pflugers Arch Eur J Phesio. 2005; 8: 263-271.
28. Loustau T, Coudiere E, Karkeni E, Jover B, Laurant P, Landrier J-F, Riva C. 0311: Physical exercise regulates angiogenesis in adipose tissue of dietinduced obese mice thru ECSCR/Akt pathways. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2016; 8(3): 219-220.
29. Coker RH, Williams RH, Kortebein PM, Sullivan DH, Evans WJ. Influence of exercise intensity on abdominal fat and adiponectin in elderly adults. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009; 7(4): 363-8.
30. Ohkawara K, Tanaka S, Miyachi M, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tabata I. A dose–response relation between aerobic exercise and visceral fat reduction: systematic review of clinical trials. Int J Obesity. 2007; 31(12): 1786-97.
31. WHO, 2010. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Cataloguing-in-Publication Data 2010: 10-12.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 July 2017
  • Revise Date: 20 October 2021
  • Accept Date: 31 December 2020
  • First Publish Date: 31 December 2020
  • Publish Date: 23 August 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics