نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسندگان
1 ولنجک _ دانشگاه شهید بهشتی _ خوابگاه کوی برادران _ بلوک شهید شهریاری _ واحد ۶۹۱
2 گروه علوم زیستی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Resistance training (RT) is recognized as one of the most effective interventions for increasing strength and muscle hypertrophy. It induces key processes like protein synthesis, satellite cell activation, and neural-hormonal adaptations through mechanisms such as mechanical tension and metabolic stress, ultimately leading to muscle hypertrophy. Hypertrophy refers to an increase in muscle fiber size. Studies have shown that both heavy and light resistance training can result in hypertrophy, though heavy loads are more effective for strength, while lighter loads are better for metabolic stimuli and muscular endurance. The primary aim of this study was to examine the persistence of muscular hypertrophy following a period of detraining after resistance training, with an emphasis on the role of mechanical and metabolic stresses and muscle fiber type. This research specifically addressed differences in the effects of mechanical and metabolic stimuli on the maintenance of muscular adaptations after detraining. Resistance training is commonly performed using heavy loads with low repetitions or light loads with high repetitions, each of which leads to muscular hypertrophy through distinct mechanisms. In contrast, detraining can gradually weaken the muscle adaptations from resistance training, leading to muscle mass and strength loss. However, early losses are primarily neurological, involving reduced force development rates and coordination. With prolonged detraining, there is a noticeable reduction in type II fiber cross-sectional area and strength. However, muscle memory results in faster recovery due to an increase in muscle nuclei during training. Muscle memory highlights the importance of investigating training stimuli in the quality and longevity of muscle adaptations. Even after long-term detraining, muscles recover quickly when restimulated by resistance training. Despite substantial evidence on resistance training and muscle memory, little is known about how hypertrophy persists with mechanical versus metabolic loading, especially during detraining. This review provides evidence-based consideration that changes in muscle cross-sectional area, muscle volume, and dynamic muscle strength, particularly during long-term detraining periods, may depend on the type of training stimulus, muscle fiber type and the duration of detraining. In addition, muscle memory indicated that muscular adaptations induced by resistance training are maintained even during detraining periods, and the return to previous levels of adaptation after the resumption of training occurs more rapidly than during the initial phase. This review study, by synthesizing the available evidence, proposes the necessity of conducting research on the persistence of muscle hypertrophy after a period of detraining following resistance training, with a focus on the role of mechanical, metabolic, and muscle fiber types in healthy young individuals.
کلیدواژهها [English]
)