نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، کردستان، ایران.
2 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction : Obesity and prediabetes are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and are associated with insulin resistance, chronic adipose tissue inflammation, and impaired secretion of adipokines and myokines. Irisin, as a myokine induced by muscle contraction in response to exercise, and TGF-β2, as a regulatory factor associated with metabolic tissues including adipose tissue, play important roles in improving insulin sensitivity, increasing energy expenditure, stimulating fat oxidation, and regulating glucose metabolism. Exercise activities, especially high-intensity interval exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise protocols, can induce significant changes in metabolic and hormonal responses in the short term, which play an important role in the acute regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis in obese and prediabetic individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of HIIE and MICE on serum irisin and TGF-β2 levels in obese men with prediabetes.
Methods: The study was conducted as a semi-experimental, crossover, randomized, double-blind trial on 8 prediabetic men aged 30–50 years (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) based on ADA criteria. The HIIE protocol consisted of 1×8 minutes of activity at 100% Wmax with 1 minute of active recovery at 50% Wmax (total 16 minutes), and the MICE protocol involved approximately 30 minutes of activity at 50% Wmax; both protocols were designed to be isocaloric. Blood sampling was performed at three time points (baseline, immediately post-activity, and 24 hours later), and serum levels of irisin, TGF-β2, and glucose were measured using ELISA. In this study, data were analyzed using descriptive indices (mean, standard deviation, percent change), the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post-hoc test (significance level 0.05) in GraphPad Prism version 9.5.eight prediabetic men aged 30–50 years (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), classified according to American Diabetes Association criteria. The High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) protocol consisted of 8 × 1 minutes of exercise at 100% Wmax interspersed with 1-minute active recovery at 50% Wmax (total: 16 minutes), while the moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) protocol involved approximately 30 minutes of continuous activity at 50% Wmax. Both protocols were designed to be isocaloric. Blood samples were collected at three time points (baseline, immediately post-exercise, and 24 hours post-exercise), and serum levels of irisin, TGF-β2, and glucose were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Both protocols significantly increased irisin (HIIE: +17.1% immediately, +27.1% at 24 h; MICE: +9.7% and +16.7%; p=0.001 for time and interaction) and TGF-β2 (HIIE: +9.4% and +14.2%; MICE: +4.6% and +10%; p=0.001). Although HIIE elicited larger increases, differences between protocols were not significant (p>0.4). Glucose rose immediately after HIIE but decreased significantly 24 h post-exercise in both conditions, with a greater reduction following HIIE. No changes occurred in the control (rest) condition.
Conclusion: Overall, both acute HIIE and MICE protocols lead to increased serum levels of Irisin and TGF-\beta 2, along with significant improvements in glycemic control within the 24 hours following exercise. However, due to its more challenging nature, HIIE tends to elicit a more pronounced physiological response. These findings emphasize the key role of exercise intensity in the optimal stimulation of beneficial adipokines cytokines and the facilitation of metabolic pathways for enhanced blood glucose management in obese men with prediabetes. Therefore, future studies with larger sample sizes, long-term interventions, and the assessment of a broader range of molecular markers are recommended to achieve a more precise understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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