Mohammad Reza Rahmati; Mohammad Reza Kordi; Ali Asghar Ravasi
Abstract
Purpose: Nearly 2.5 million people worldwide have multiple sclerosis, a chronic neuro-inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord that is a common cause of severe physical disability in young people, especially women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of forced and ...
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Purpose: Nearly 2.5 million people worldwide have multiple sclerosis, a chronic neuro-inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord that is a common cause of severe physical disability in young people, especially women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of forced and voluntary training before EAE induction on the expression of adhesive molecule (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) affecting the blood-brain barrier permeability in C57BL/6 mice.Methods: Forty female C57BL/6 mice with weight 18 ± 2 g and age 7 ± 1 weeks were randomly divided to four groups of forced training (n = 12), voluntary training (n=12), EAE control (n = 8) and healthy control (n = 8). To perform the forced training, the mice performed swimming for 30 minutes five days/week for six weeks. Also to perform the voluntary training, the mice performed running wheel for one hour five days/week for six weeks. After that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression were measured by RT-PCR. In data analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were applied to determine the difference between the groups.Results: Five weeks recording clinical signs after EAE induction showed a significant difference between the scores of the two training groups and EAE control (P < 0.05). Also, the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesive molecules significantly decreased in the forced and voluntary groups compared to EAE control (P < 0.05), but the forced and voluntary groups significantly did not differ from the healthy control group (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The forced and voluntary training appears to reduce the blood-brain barrier permeability by reducing the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesive molecules.
Jalil Reisi; Mina Ghandehari; Seyed Mohammad Marandi; Masuod Etemadifar
Abstract
Purpose: Today, identifying and designing educational, low-cost and accessible exercise interventions for patients, especially those with Multiple Sclerosis appears to be essential. One potential approach may be to practice through media such asose of this study was to investigate the effect of two months ...
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Purpose: Today, identifying and designing educational, low-cost and accessible exercise interventions for patients, especially those with Multiple Sclerosis appears to be essential. One potential approach may be to practice through media such asose of this study was to investigate the effect of two months pillates training with and without supervision on women with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: This study was semi experimental with pre-test and post-test design. Thirty women with multiple sclerosis (age: 43/6 ± 6/24 years, Height: 163/20 ± 5/40cm, weight 60/22 ± 6/52 kg) participated and divided into three groups: control, exercise with deliverd CD, and exercise with coach. SPPB test (balance, walking speed, lower extremity strength) was performed before and after training. The exercises lasted for 8 weeks, 1 hour,3 sessions per week. To analysis of data analysis of covariance (p < 0.05) was used. Results: Results showed that the SPPB scores of the CD group increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test but did not show a statistically significant difference. (p < 0.05, F (1, 13) = 3.52). However, the effect size was 21persent. That is, two months of selective exercise with a CD at home had a 21% effect on SPPB for women with MS. Also There was a statistically significant increase in SPPB scores in the training group (p = 0.005 and F (1,14) = 0 .11). Conclusion: It can be concluded that selected Pilate's home exercise with CD on the SPPB of MS patients is 21% effective and can be easily accessed with very low cost and cost. Since this research is the first of its kind in the country, further research is needed.
Seyed Mohsen Avandi; Marjaneh Zahedi
Abstract
Purpose: The nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco that involved in induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of tumor associated macrophages. The aim of this study was to effect of swimming training and exposure to nicotine derived nitrosamine ...
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Purpose: The nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco that involved in induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of tumor associated macrophages. The aim of this study was to effect of swimming training and exposure to nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) on the immunohistochemical response of tumor-associated macrophages in wistar rats.Methods: For this purpose, 46 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups consist of training, training + NNK, NNK, saline and control. NNK-induced groups received NNK subcutaneously one day per week at a rate of 12/5 mg per kg body weight and the training groups performed submaximal swimming training for 12 weeks. Levels of CD68-Tumor associated macrophages in homogenized lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. To analyze the data; ANOVA and tukey’s test were used at a significance level of p≤0.05.Results: The results showed that immunohistochemical expression of TAM in the training group was significantly lower than the NNK group (P = 0.001) (92%). Immunohistochemical expression of TAM was also significantly lower in the NNK + training group than in the NNK group (P = 0.001) (92%). In addition, the immunohistochemical expression of TAM in the NNK group was significantly higher than the solvent group (P = 0.001) (766%).Conclusion: Generally, it could be confirmed that regular submaximal swimming training plays an important role in inhibition of the effects of lung inflammation induced by NNK via decreased of Tumor associated macrophages activity.
