Sports Physiology (General)
Mahmood Tajik Khaveh; Mohammad Rahmani; Ali Samadi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: In contemporary modern societies a lot of people suffer from reproductive system dysfunction and infertility. Various factors such as sedentariness, some diseases and medicines play a role in incidence of reproductive dysfunction, which can lead to decreased reproductive capacity. ...
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Background and Purpose: In contemporary modern societies a lot of people suffer from reproductive system dysfunction and infertility. Various factors such as sedentariness, some diseases and medicines play a role in incidence of reproductive dysfunction, which can lead to decreased reproductive capacity. One of the main mechanisms of which is the increased free radical’s production and oxidative stress in testis. Sprint interval training (SIT) is one of the most time-efficient types of exercise comparing to other exercise methods, which could be used to promote physical activity level. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of SIT on testis oxidant-antioxidant status and some reproductive indices in adult Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 adult male Wistar rats wereobtained and randomly divided into: 1) control and 2) training groups. Then, the training group practiced 3 times a week for eight weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, the rats' testis were removed after anesthesia and transferred to the laboratory and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Moreover, main reproductive function indices including tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermiogenesis index (SI), and cumulative index (RI) were determined. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test at the alpha = 0.05. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that the MDA level of the testis in the training group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of the SOD activity and TAC. However, in the training group the GPX activity level was significantly higher comparing to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the number of Leydig cells, TDI, and RI in the training group were significantly lower in comparison with the control group (P˂0.05); Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between groups in terms of SI (P>0.05).Conclusion: SIT may increase oxidative stress in the testicular tissue and negatively affect the main spermatogenic indices in testis, which can lead to reproductive dysfunction. Conducting more research in this area while controlling the other influential factors and training variables (intensity, duration, and volume) is recommended.
biochemistry and metabolism
Sanaz Habibvand; Reza Nouri; Abbasali Gaeini
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Exercise training and vitamin D supplementation play an important role in cardiovascular health. However, the effects of combining these two strategies and their molecular role in cardiac adaptations are less known. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining ...
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Background and Purpose: Exercise training and vitamin D supplementation play an important role in cardiovascular health. However, the effects of combining these two strategies and their molecular role in cardiac adaptations are less known. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of vitamin D supplementation and aerobic exercise on oxidative stress markers and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) levels in the myocardial tissue of middle-aged male rats.Materials and Methods: Forty male rats (12-14 months, 350-400 g) after two weeks of familiarization and maximal aerobic speed test, were randomly divided into four groups: control (Con), aerobic training (AT), vitamin D (Vit-D) and aerobic exercise + vitamin D (AT+Vit_D) were divided. The training consisted of eight weeks of incremental training (5 days per week). Vit_D and AT+Vit-D groups received 500 units of vitamin D along with 0.3 ml of olive oil (kg/body weight). Olive oil was also used as a placebo. 48 hours after the last intervention session, the heart tissue of the animals was removed. The activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as the concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and SIRT-1 protein were measured. Data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA test at P < 0.05 level.Results: The findings showed that the SIRT-1 was significantly higher in the AT than in the Con group (P < 0.05). Also, the MDA levels in the AT were lower than in the Con group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in MDA and SIRT-1 among other groups (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the GPx, SOD and H2O2 between the groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: In general, the findings of the present study showed that regular aerobic exercise is beneficial for reducing oxidative damage to the heart tissue in middle age. Also, aerobic training in middle age leads to an increase in SIRT-1 protein. Considering the important role of SIRT-1 in preventing heart diseases and strengthening the antioxidant defense system, aerobic exercise seems to be an effective strategy to reduce cardiovascular diseases associated with aging. In addition, the findings of the present study showed that vitamin D supplementation along with aerobic exercise does not produce synergistic effects in improving oxidative stress markers or SIRT-1. However, due to the small amount of studies in this regard and also some limitations of the current research, it is suggested to conduct more studies in this regard.
Exercise Science
Bakhtyar Tartibian; Mir Yousef Batahai Zadeh; Seyed Morteza Taybi; Bagher Rezaei
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Wrestling is an encounter sport with frequent and high-intensity Eccentric contractions. Such activities, which are carried out with strong Eccentric contractions, are associated with mechanical and metabolic disorders. Such a high intensity of activity in wrestling significantly ...
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Background and Purpose: Wrestling is an encounter sport with frequent and high-intensity Eccentric contractions. Such activities, which are carried out with strong Eccentric contractions, are associated with mechanical and metabolic disorders. Such a high intensity of activity in wrestling significantly leads to the sudden production of reactive oxygen species of free radicals during and the recovery period after each competition. It is even possible that during this category of the activities, the antioxidant reserve is severely reduced and depleted, and following the inefficiency of the oxidative system, oxidative stress occurs, which leads to a decrease in sports performance and is associated with the acceleration of fatigue. Hence the present study aimed to determine the effect of short-term Inflamma-X supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system markers following two consecutive rounds of SWPT-SWFT combination Test in young wrestlers.Materials and Methods: Among the eligible volunteers, 24 young wrestlers were randomly divided into two groups: supplement-training (12 people) and placebo-training (12 people). The supplement-training group was asked to take two 15 mg capsules of the inflamma-x supplement daily with 200 ml of water for 10 days before the exercise test. The placebo group also received starch tablets with the same amount and number of supplement-exercise groups. The SWFT-SWPT combined test includes two Specific Wrestling Perform Test (SWPT) and a Specific Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT). The combined test was three minutes and 40 seconds, which was considered one round, and each stage included two rounds. To evaluate the changes in oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense system of wrestlers, initial fasting blood sampling was collected before the start of the combined SWFT-SWPT test. The next four blood draws include: immediately after the first, second and fourth stages of the mentioned test, and the last blood draw was performed 48 hours after the combined SWPT-SWFT test. The collected samples were evaluated by the ELISA method to evaluate the levels of Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and Superoxide dismutase. To analyze the data, the method of analysis of variance with repeated measures (Mixed Anova) was used.Results: The findings showed that the total antioxidant capacity values of the supplement group were higher than the placebo group in all stages, however, the difference between the two groups was significant only in the third, fourth and fifth blood sampling times (P < 0.05) but in the first and second blood sampling stages between the two there was no significant difference in the group (P > 0.05). Also, in none of the stages of blood sampling in serum Superoxide dismutase values, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). And finally in the second, third, fourth, and fifth blood sampling stages between the two groups in serum Malondialdehyde values there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05) but in the first stages of blood sampling there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: It seems that consumption of the Inflamma-X supplement can be beneficial for preventing oxidative damage and even facilitating the recovery period between every wrestling competition.
Maliheh Ardakani-zadeh; Leila Vesali-akbarpour
Abstract
Purpose: In previous studies, there was a relationship between angiogenesis and oxidative stress thus the aim of this study was to compare the effect of two protocols of mid and long-term on left ventricular angiogenesis in male rats.Methods: The 18 male Wistar rats of 210 ± 20g, were randomly ...
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Purpose: In previous studies, there was a relationship between angiogenesis and oxidative stress thus the aim of this study was to compare the effect of two protocols of mid and long-term on left ventricular angiogenesis in male rats.Methods: The 18 male Wistar rats of 210 ± 20g, were randomly assigned in to three equal groups: control, mid and long-term group. Training groups swam in 32֯ water five days per week for 10 weeks. The mid-term group swam for one hour and the long-term group for three hours per session. One day after the end of the protocol, left ventricle of the heart was removed. Real-time PCR method was used to measure the genes expression of Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-B, Fibroblast-Growth-Factor-B, Angiopoiteine1&2. Differences were determined using by ANOVA One-Way method and the groups were compared by Tukey follow-up test at the significant level of P < 0.05.Results: The genes expression levels of Vascular-endothelial-growth factor-B, Angiopoiteine1&2 and Matrix-metalloproteinases-2 were significantly increased in the long-term group in compared to the both the control and mid-term groups, and in the mid-term group in compared to the control group, but the gene expression of Fibroblast-Growth-Factor-B had a significant increase only in the mid-term group in compared to the control group (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Due to the significantly increase of nitric-oxide, the angiogenesis process in the long-term group can be related to shear stress, and in the mid-term group, due to a significant increase in Malondialdehyde, it was attributed to oxidative stress.
