نقش پیش‌آماده‌سازی ایسکیمیک بر برخی از جنبه‌های عملکرد ورزشی: یک مقالۀ مروری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پیش‌آماده‌سازی ایسکمیک (IPC) روش نسبتاً جدید و غیرتهاجمی شامل اعمال محدودیت جریان خون و برقراری مجدد آن در یک اندام مشخص، مانند دست یا پا، با استفاده از کاف فشارسنج است. هدف اصلی این روش، آماده‌سازی بدن برای مقابله با آسیب‌های ایسکمیک شدیدتری است که شاید در آینده رخ دهد. با اینکه IPC توجه زیادی را در بخش‌های بالینی به خود جلب کرده است، تأثیرات آن بر عملکرد ورزشی و سازوکار‌های زیربنایی درگیر همچنان محدود و متناقض است. بنابراین هدف از این مقالۀ مروری جامع، بررسی تأثیر IPC بر عملکرد هوازی، مقاومتی و سرعتی است. مطالعاتی که تأثیر IPC بر جنبه‌های گوناگون عملکرد ورزشی را بررسی کرده‌اند، در این تحلیل گنجانده شده‌اند. برای دسترسی به مقالات علمی مرتبط، پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مانند PubMed، SID،  Magiran و  Google Scholar به‌طور گسترده توسط دو پژوهشگر جست‌وجو شدند. کلمات کلیدی انتخاب‌شده برای جست‌وجو شامل پیش‌آماده‌سازی ایسکمیک، عملکرد هوازی، قدرتی و سرعتی بود. معیارهای ورود به پژوهش‌ها انتخابی شامل آزمودنی‌های انسانی و انتشار در مجلات علمی یا پژوهشی معتبر و ارزیابی متغیرهای موردنظر در این پژوهش‌ها بود. روی‌هم‌رفته 15 پژوهش بررسی شد. گستردگی روش‌های تمرین، اندام‌های هدف، شدت و سایر عوامل شناخته‌شده و ناشناخته در بخش یافته‌ها ارزیابی شد و روی‌هم‌رفته اثربخشی IPC بر متغیرهای عملکرد ورزشی بیانگر تأثیر مثبت آن بر عملکرد هوازی، قدرتی و سرعتی بود. این سازگاری‌های مثبت از طریق مسیرهای پیام‌رسانی گوناگون از جمله سازوکار‌های عصبی، هومورال و بین‌سلولی ایجاد می‌شود. این فرایندها نقش مهمی در نحوۀ واکنش بدن ما به محرک‌هایی مانند پیش‌آماده‌سازی ایسکیمیک دارند. گمان می‌رود که پیش‌آماده‌سازی ایسکمیک (IPC) روی عملکرد ورزشی مؤثر است. هرچند با توجه به پژوهش‌های محدود و متناقض فعلی در خصوص تأثیرات آن، انجام پژوهش‌های بیشتر در این زمینه ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The impact of ischemic preconditioning on some aspects of sports performance: A review article

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fereshteh Shahidi
  • Saeed Khaje Bahrami
Department of Eexercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ischemic Preconditioning (IPC) is a relatively new and non-invasive method involving the application of limited blood flow and its subsequent reperfusion in a specific body organ, such as the hand or leg, using a cuff pressure device. The main goal of this method is to prepare the body to cope with more severe ischemic injuries that may occur in the future. Although, IPC has gathered significant attention in clinical settings, its effects on aerobic, resistance, and speed performance and underlying mechanisms remain unclear and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this comprehensive review article is to examine the impact of IPC on aerobic, resistance, and speed performance. Studies investigating the effects of IPC on various aspects of sports performance were included in this analysis. Relevant scientific articles were extensively searched by two researchers using databases such as PubMed, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar. The selected keywords for the search included ischemic preconditioning, aerobic, strength, and speed performance. The inclusion criteria for the selected studies involved human subjects, publication in reputable scientific or peer-reviewed  journals, and evaluation of the desired variables in these studies. A total of 15 studies were examined in this review. The diversity of exercise protocols, target body parts, intensity, and other known and unknown factors were evaluated in the findings section. Overall, the effectiveness of IPC on sports performance variables indicated its positive impact on aerobic, strength, and speed performance. These positive adaptations are created through various signaling pathways, including neural, humoral, and intercellular mechanisms. These processes play a significant role in how our body respond to stimuli such as ischemic preconditioning. It seems that ischemic preconditioning has an effective impact on sports performance. However, considering the limited and conflicting current research on its effects, further studies in this area are necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ischemic Preconditioning
  • Blood Flow Restriction
  • Reperfusion
  • Exercise Training

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 24 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1403

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