اثر 12 هفته تمرین هوازی همراه با دریافت مکمل جینکوبیلوبا بر سطح سرمی لیپوکالین-2، ظرفیت ضداکسایشی تام و عامل نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز (BDNF) در مردان میانسال چاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: ورزش همراه با مداخلات تغذیه‌ای تأثیر سودمندی در کاهش التهاب، بهبود دفاع ضداکسایشی و رشد نورون‌زایی مغز دارد. بنابراین، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر 12 هفته تمرین هوازی همراه با دریافت مکمل جینکوبیلوبا بر سطح سرمی لیپوکالین-2 (2Lcn-)، ظرفیت ضداکسایشی تام (TAC) و عامل نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز (BDNF) در مردان میانسال چاق بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: روش پژوهش نیمه‌تجربی و کاربردی است که با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انجام گرفت. بدین‌ترتیب 56 مرد میانسال چاق (شاخص تودۀ بدنی 41/1 ± 34/32 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع) از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی به چهار گروه 14 نفره شامل تمرین هوازی-دارونما، مکمل جینکوبیلوبا، تمرین هوازی با دریافت مکمل جینکوبیلوبا و کنترل-دارونما تقسیم شدند. مداخلۀ تمرین هوازی (75 تا 85 درصد ضربان قلب ذخیرۀ بیشینه، 26 دقیقه) به مدت 12 هفته و سه جلسه در هفته انجام شد. مکمل جینکوبیلوبا (به‌صورت کپسول ژلاتینی 80 میلی‌گرمی) روزانه دو عدد همزمان یک ساعت پس از صبحانه به مدت 12 هفته مصرف شد. نمونه‌های خون پیش و 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسۀ تمرین در حالت ناشتا 12 ساعته برای تعیین غلظت سرمی 2Lcn-، TAC و BDNF گرفته شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و تحلیل واریانس دوراهه و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی در سطح معناداری 05/0 p≤ تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
نتایج: نتایج درون‌گروهی نشان داد که سطح سرمی 2Lcn- در گروه‌های تمرین (0001/0P=، 69/12 درصد)، مکمل (037/0P=، 05/4 درصد) و تمرین-مکمل (0001/0P=، 49/18 درصد) به‌طور معناداری کاهش یافت. سطح سرمی TAC در گروه‌های تمرین (012/0P=، 68/4 درصد)، مکمل (048/0P=، 51/1 درصد) و تمرین-مکمل (001/0P=، 92/6 درصد) به‌طور معناداری افزایش یافت. همچنین سطح سرمی BDNF در گروه‌های تمرین (0001/0P=، 15/35 درصد)، مکمل (046/0P=، 07/8 درصد) و تمرین-مکمل (0001/0P=، 73/41 درصد) به‌طور معناداری افزایش یافت. تغییرات بین‌گروهی معنادار در 2Lcn- (0001/0P=)، TAC (014/0P=) و BDNF (0001/0P=) دیده شد. اثر توأم تمرین و مکمل جینکوبیلوبا موجب کاهش معنادار 2Lcn- (0001/0P=)، و افزایش معنادار TAC (0001/0P=) و BDNF (001/0P=) شد. اثر اصلی تمرین سبب کاهش معنادار 2Lcn- (013/0P=)، و افزایش معنادار TAC (001/0P=) و BDNF (015/0P=) شد. اما اثر اصلی مکمل جینکوبیلوبا تأثیر معناداری بر 2Lcn- (241/0P=)، TAC (103/0P=) و BDNF (316/0P=) نداشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که تمرین هوازی و مکمل جینکوبیلوبا تأثیر سودمندی بر فعالیت‌های زیستی بدن دارند. به‌طوری‌که 12 هفته تمرین هوازی به‌تنهایی و به‌ویژه همراه با مصرف جینکوبیلوبا احتمالاً با بهبود ترکیب بدن و ظرفیت هوازی سبب کاهش التهاب، افزایش دفاع ضداکسایشی و رشد نورون‌زایی مغز در مردان میانسال چاق می‌شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training combined with Ginkgo biloba supplementation on serum levels of lipocalin-2, total antioxidant capacity, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in obese middle-aged men

نویسنده [English]

  • Hasan Naghizadeh
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Exercise combined with nutritional interventions has beneficial effects on reducing inflammation, improving antioxidant defenses, and increasing brain neurogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training combined with Ginkgo biloba supplementation on serum levels of lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in obese middle-aged men.
Materials and Methods: The research design was semi-experimental and applied, which was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Thus, 56 obese middle-aged men (body mass index, 32.34±1.41 kg/m2) were selected through simple random sampling and randomly divided into four groups (n=14 per group) including aerobic exercise+placebo, Ginkgo biloba supplementation, aerobic exercise+Ginkgo biloba supplementation, and placebo. Aerobic exercise intervention (26 minutes at 75-85% of maximum heart rate reserve) was performed for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Ginkgo biloba supplement (in the form of 80 mg gelatin capsules) was consumed twice daily (simultaneously) one hour after breakfast for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session in a 12-hour fasted state to determine serum concentrations of Lcn-2, TAC, and BDNF. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measures, two-way analysis of variance and Post hoc Bonferroni test at a significance level of p≤ 0.05.
Results: Within-group comparisons showed that serum Lcn-2 levels significantly decreased in the exercise (P=0.0001, 12.69%), supplement (P=0.037, 4.05%) and exercise-supplement (P=0.0001, 18.49%) groups. Serum TAC levels increased significantly in the exercise (P=0.012, 4.68%), supplement (P=0.048, 1.51%), and exercise-supplement (P=0.001, 6.92%) groups. Serum TAC levels increased significantly in the exercise (P=0.012, 4.68%), supplement (P=0.048, 1.51%), and exercise-supplement (P=0.001, 6.92%) groups. Furthermore, serum BDNF levels increased significantly in the exercise (P=0.0001, 35.15%), supplement (P=0.046, 8.07%) and exercise-supplement (P=0.0001, 41.73%) groups. Significant between-group differences were observed in Lcn-2 (P=0.0001), TAC (P=0.014), and BDNF (P=0.0001). The combined effect of exercise and Ginkgo biloba supplementation caused a significant decrease in Lcn-2 (P=0.0001), and a significant increase in TAC (P=0.0001) and BDNF (P=0.001). The main effect of exercise was a significant decrease in Lcn-2 (P=0.013), and a significant increase in TAC (P=0.001) and BDNF (P=0.015). However, the main effect of Ginkgo biloba supplementation was not significant on Lcn-2 (P=0.241), TAC (P=0.103), and BDNF (P=0.316).
Conclusions: The results showed that aerobic exercise and Ginkgo biloba supplement have beneficial effects on the biological activities of the body. Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise alone and especially with Ginkgo biloba consumption probably reduces inflammation, increases antioxidant defense and brain neurogenesis accompanied by improving body composition and aerobic capacity in obese middle-aged men.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerobic training
  • Ginkgo biloba
  • Oxidative stress
  • Neurogenesis
  • Inflammation

مراجع

  1. Aruwa CE, Saheed S. Adipose tissue inflammation linked to obesity: A review of current understanding, therapies and relevance of phyto-therapeutics. Heliyon. 2024;10(1): e23114
  2. Bauer C, Sim M, Prince RL, Zhu K, Lim EM, Byrnes E, et al. Circulating lipocalin-2 and features of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older women: A cross-sectional study. Bone. 2023;176:116861.
  3. Kim SL, Shin MW, Seo SY, Kim SW. Lipocalin 2 potentially contributes to tumorigenesis from colitis via IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Bioscience Reports. 2022;42(5):BSR20212418.
  4. Benhamou J, Nieves-Ortega R, Nickel CH, Lampart A, Kuster T, Balestra GM, et al. Human neutrophil lipocalin, procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, and leucocyte count for prediction of bacterial sepsis in emergency department patients. 2024.
  5. Nguyen CTH, Nguyen OPT. Increased plasma lipocalin-2 levels correlate with disease severity and may be a marker of acute inflammatory response in patients with psoriasis. Dermatology Reports. 2022;14(4):9469.
  6. Carniel BP, da Rocha NS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory markers: Perspectives for the management of depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2021;108:110151.
  7. Charlton T, Prowse N, McFee A, Heiratifar N, Fortin T, Paquette C, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has direct anti-inflammatory effects on microglia. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 2023;17:1188672.
  8. Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alawneh K, Alzoubi KH, Maikano AB. The importance of physical fitness for the relationship of BDNF with obesity measures in young normal-weight adults. Heliyon. 2020;6(3): e03490
  9. Chan CB, Tse MCL, Liu X, Zhang S, Schmidt R, Otten R, et al. Activation of muscular TrkB by its small molecular agonist 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone sex-dependently regulates energy metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. Chemistry & biology. 2015;22(3):355-68.
  10. Leung WK, Yau S-y, Yang Y, Kwok AW, Wong EM, Cheung JK, et al. Effects of exercise interventions on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 2024;22(4): 278-287
  11. Atashak S, Stannard SR, Daraei A, Soltani M, Saeidi A, Moradi F, et al. High-intensity interval training improves lipocalin-2 and Omentin-1 levels in men with obesity. International journal of sports medicine. 2022;43(04):328-35.
  12. Moghadasi M, Domieh AM. Effects of resistance versus endurance training on plasma lipocalin-2 in young men. Asian journal of sports medicine. 2014;5(2):108.
  13. Sadowska-Krępa E, Kłapcińska B, Pokora I, Domaszewski P, Kempa K, Podgórski T. Effects of six-week Ginkgo biloba supplementation on aerobic performance, blood pro/antioxidant balance, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in physically active men. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):803.
  14. Eisvand F, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The effects of Ginkgo biloba on metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytotherapy Research. 2020;34(8):1798-811.
  15. de Souza GA, de Marqui SV, Matias JN, Guiguer EL, Barbalho SM. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on diseases related to oxidative stress. Planta medica. 2020;86(06):376-86.
  16. Zonouz AM, Rahbardar MG, Hosseinzadeh H. The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review. Phytomedicine. 2024;126:155352.
  17. Hasanvand B, Farhadi A. Effect of combined exercise and Ginkgo biloba supplementation for 8 weeks on brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in depressed older men. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2021;16(2):234-47.
  18. Hosaini SA, Vafaee M, Abedi B. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Ginkgo biloba Herbal Supplementation on Lipocalin 2 Levels and Insulin Resistance in Obese Men. Disease and Diagnosis. 2022;12(1):21-8.
  19. Stewart AL, Mills KM, King AC, Haskell WL, Gillis D, Ritter PL. CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire for older adults: outcomes for interventions. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001;33(7):1126-41.
  20. Committee IR. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short and long forms. http://www ipaq ki se/scoring pdf. 2005.
  21. Kline C, Porcari JP, Hintermeister R, Freedson PS, Ward A, McCarron RF, et al. Estimation of from a one-mile track walk, gender, age and body weight. Med Sports Exerc. 1987;19:253-259.
  22. Kohanpour M-A, Peeri M, Azarbayjani M-A. The effects of aerobic exercise with lavender essence use on cognitive state and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Journal of herbmed pharmacology. 2017;6(2):80-4.
  23. Tafazoli M, Cheragh-Birjandi S. The effect of resistance and high intensity interval training on the expression of Semaphorin 3C and lipocalin 2 in the subcutaneous fat tissue of obese elderly rats. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2024.In Press.
  24. Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang B, Zheng Y, Yao M, Sun M, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits astrocytic lipocalin-2 expression and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after ischemic brain stroke. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2018;9:518.
  25. Alipour Ghazichaki N, Abdi A, Barari A. The Effect of Pilates Training with Resveratrol on Serum Levels of Sestrin 2, Lipocalin 2, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Middle-Aged Women. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2023;10(2):94-109.
  26. Ponzetti M, Aielli F, Ucci A, Cappariello A, Lombardi G, Teti A, et al. Lipocalin 2 increases after high‐intensity exercise in humans and influences muscle gene expression and differentiation in mice. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2022;237(1):551-65.
  27. Amini M, Abdi A, Abbassi Daloii A. Synergistic Effects of Aerobic Training and Momordica Charantia L. on Serum Lipocalins in Men with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2020;20(1):7-19.
  28. Cowland JB, Sørensen OE, Sehested M, Borregaard N. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is up-regulated in human epithelial cells by IL-1β, but not by TNF-α. The Journal of Immunology. 2003;171(12):6630-9.
  29. Kabakçı R, Çınar Y, Çınar M. What is the Combined Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb761) and Acute Exhaustive Exercise on the Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Rats? Veterinary Sciences and Practices. 2022;17(2):35-40.
  30. Choromańska B, Myśliwiec P, Łuba M, Wojskowicz P, Myśliwiec H, Choromańska K, et al. Impact of weight loss on the total antioxidant/oxidant potential in patients with morbid obesity—a longitudinal study. Antioxidants. 2020;9(5):376.
  31. Huang T, Larsen KT, Ried‐Larsen M, Møller NC, Andersen LB. The effects of physical activity and exercise on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in healthy humans: A review. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2014;24(1):1-10.
  32. Kim YI. The impact of exercise training on basal BDNF in athletic adolescents. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2016;28(11):3066-9.
  33. Spencer JP, Abd El Mohsen MM, Minihane A-M, Mathers JC. Biomarkers of the intake of dietary polyphenols: strengths, limitations and application in nutrition research. British Journal of Nutrition. 2008;99(1):12-22.

 

 

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 07 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1404

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار