تأثیر تمرین HIIT بر ناقل‌های لاکتات مسیر ANLS و BDNF در بافت هیپوکمپ موش‌های صحرایی نر جوان و سالمند نژاد ویستار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: افزایش جمعیت سالمندان و روند سالمندی مشکلاتی برای حافظه، یادگیری، نوروپلاستیسیته و عملکرد شناختی دستگاه عصبی مرکزی ایجاد می‌کند. با توجه به توان تمرین HIIT در تغییر سطوح لاکتات بدن، این پژوهش به بررسی اثر تمرین HIIT و لاکتات به‌عنوان یک راهبرد غیردارویی و درمانی بر سطوح عامل نروتروفیک مشتق از مغز و ناقل‌های لاکتاتی که با نشانگرهای وابسته به افزایش سن، شامل شناخت، حافظه، یادگیری و نوروپلاستیسیته عصبی همبستگی دارند، در موش‌های صحرایی جوان بالغ و موش‌های القای سالمندی پرداخته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش 40 سر موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار با میانگین سنی 12 هفته و دامنة وزن 200-220 گرم خریداری و به‌طور تصادفی در چهار گروه کنترل جوان بالغ، کنترل القای سالمندی، جوان بالغ با تمرین تناوبی و القای سالمندی با تمرین تناوبی تقسیم شدند. برای الگوی القای سالمندی به مدت هشت هفته، روزانه به دو گروه از موش‌ها از طریق تزریق درون‌صفاقی، دی گالاکتوز تزریق شد و دو گروه دیگر نیز نرمال سالین دریافت کردند. پس از القای سالمندی، تمرین تناوبی شدید به مدت هشت هفته انجام گرفت. به این صورت که هر هفته شامل سه جلسة تمرینی و هر جلسه با شش تکرار و به‌صورت چهار دقیقه تمرین با شدت برابر 85-95 درصد بیشینة ظرفیت تمرینی و سه دقیقه بازیابی با شدت برابر 40-50 درصد بیشینه ظرفیت تمرینی بود. 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسة تمرینی، بافت هیپوکمپ از مغز موش‌ها خارج شده و مقادیر ناقل‌های لاکتات MCT2 و MCT4 با روش وسترن بلات و مقادیر عامل نروتروفیک مشتق از مغز BDNF با روش الایزا اندازه‌گیری شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها نیز از آزمون آنوای یکراهه و سپس آزمون تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد. معناداری در سطح 05/0 P≤ بود.
نتایج: یافته‌ها نشان داد که در موش‌های صحرایی جوان بالغ، تمرین HIIT تأثیر معناداری بر سطح MCT2 نداشت (05/0P≥). در موش‌های القای سالمندی، سطح MCT2 به‌طور معناداری کاهش یافت (0001/0 P<). تمرین HIIT در موش‌های القای سالمندی سبب افزایش چشمگیر  MCT2شد (001/0 P<). در موش‌های صحرایی جوان بالغ، تمرین HIIT موجب افزایش معنادار MCT4 شد (01/0 P<). القای سالمندی به کاهش معنادار MCT4 منجر شد (0001/0 P<). تمرین HIIT در موش‌های القای سالمندی موجب افزایش معنادار  MCT4 شد (001/0 P<). در موش‌های صحرایی جوان بالغ، تمرین HIIT تأثیر معناداری بر سطح BDNF نداشت (05/0P<). در موش‌های القای سالمندی، سطح  BDNFبه‌طور معناداری کاهش یافت (01/0 P<). تمرین HIIT در موش‌های القای سالمندی سبب افزایش چشمگیر BDNF شد، اما این افزایش معنادار نبود (05/0P<).
نتیجه‌گیری: سطوح ناقل‌های لاکتات MCT2 و MCT4 و عامل نروتروفیک مشتق از مغز BDNF در اثر افزایش سن کاهش می‌یابد، با این همه، تمرین ورزشی HIIT، می‌تواند این کاهش را تا اندازه‌ای جبران کند. تمرین HIIT روش مؤثری برای افزایش بیان MCT2، MCT4 و BDNF در سالمندان است، درحالی‌که تأثیر آن در جوانان بالغ کمتر مشهود است. این نوع تمرین می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهکار غیردارویی مؤثر برای بهبود عملکرد شناختی سالمندان از طریق تنظیم سوخت‌وساز لاکتات و سازگاری‌های عصبی وابسته به سالمندی در هیپوکمپ به‌کار رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of HIIT on lactate transporters involved in the ANLS pathway and BDNF in the hippocampal tissue of young and aged male Wistar rats

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shirin Shayegan mehr
  • Aliakbar Alizadeh
  • Mehrzad Shabani
  • Saeed Ahmadi barati
Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: The increasing elderly population and the aging process pose challenges to memory, learning, neuroplasticity, and cognitive function of the central nervous system. Given the potential of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to alter body lactate levels, this study investigates the effects of HIIT and lactate as a non-pharmacological and therapeutic strategy on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate transporters associated with age-related markers, including cognition, memory, learning, and neural plasticity, in young adult and induced-aged rats.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats with an average age of 12 weeks and a weight range of 200–220 grams were randomly divided into four groups: young adult control, induced-aged control, young adult with HIIT, and induced-aged with HIIT. To induce aging, two groups of rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of D-galactose for 8 weeks, while the other two groups received normal saline. Following the induction of aging, an 8-week HIIT protocol was implemented. This protocol consisted of 3 training sessions per week, with each session including 6 repetitions of 4 minutes of exercise at 85–95% of maximum training capacity, interspersed by 3 minutes of recovery at 40–50% of maximum training capacity. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, hippocampal tissue was extracted from the rat's brains. Lactate transporter levels (MCT2 and MCT4) were measured using Western blot, and BDNF levels were assessed using ELISA Technique. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, with statistical significance set at p≤0.05.
Results: The results indicated that HIIT had no significant effect on MCT2 levels in young adult rats (p>0.05). In induced-aged rats, MCT2 levels were significantly reduced (p<0.0001) and HIIT led to a significant increase in MCT2 levels (p<0.001). In young adult rats, HIIT resulted in a significant increase in MCT4 levels (p<0.01). Aging induction caused a significant reduction in MCT4 levels (p<0.0001), while, HIIT resulted in a significant increase in MCT4 levels (p<0.001) in this group. In young adult rats, HIIT had no significant effect on BDNF levels (p>0.05). In induced-aged rats, BDNF levels were significantly decreased (p<0.01). Although, HIIT in induced-aged rats led to a notable increase in BDNF levels, this increase was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The levels of lactate transporters MCT2 and MCT4, as well as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), decrease with aging. However, HIIT exercise can partially compensate for this reduction and HIIT proves to be an effective method for enhancing the expression of MCT2, MCT4, and BDNF in aged rats, while its impact is less pronounced in young adults. This type of training can serve as an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve cognitive function in the elderly by modulating lactate metabolism and age-related neural adaptations in the hippocampus.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aging
  • Hippocampus
  • HIIT
  • Lactate
  • MCT2
  • MCT4
  • BDNF

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 فروردین 1404
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