نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم رفتاری، شناختی و فناوری در ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه علوم زیستی در ورزش، دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Purpose: Environmental factors can play a role in learning and cognitive development during childhood and adolescence, when the brain is still developing. A variety of physical activities and environmental interactions can also help regulate the orexinergic pathway in the brain, which in turn affects stress responses, food intake, and energy intake. Orexin A is a key neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in various behavioral outcomes. This neuropeptide directly affects both central and peripheral pathways of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. During brain development, the impact of environmental factors and lifestyle on cognitive and emotional development becomes more apparent. For example, environments that provide diverse stimuli and challenging activities can help strengthen the orexinergic system, thereby improving mental functions. The main aim of the present study is to compare the effect of an enriched environment and forced and voluntary training methods on the performance of the orexinergic system, followed by examining anxiety responses in immature male rats.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, 60 immature male rats aged 12 days were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 15: forced training, voluntary training, play in an enriched environment, and control. After familiarization and performing the maximum speed test (25 days old, weight 43.51±7 g), the groups followed the relevant protocol for 3 weeks. The forced exercise group included endurance running on a treadmill, which was performed three times a day and 6 days a week, increasing. In the voluntary group, rats had unlimited access to a running wheel. For playing in an enriched environment, a large cage containing different enriched stimuli (toys, running wheel, and ladder) was provided. Finally, hippocampal tissue from several rats was isolated for biochemical evaluation. Brain levels of orexin A were measured using the Western blot technique. Then, the remaining groups were evaluated in an open field behavioral test. One-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test was used to assess differences between groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software version 26.
Results: The results of the statistical test showed a significant difference in the amount of orexin A in the hippocampus of immature rats between the groups, which was significant between the forced training group and the control group (P=0.022). In the open field behavioral test, a significant difference was seen between the groups. The results showed that the level of anxiety in the training groups was higher than in the control group, and among the groups, the forced training group was higher than the voluntary training and enriched environment groups. Also, no significant difference was seen in general motor activity between the groups.
Conclusion: It can be stated. that although physical activity and environmental factors led to an increase in orexin A levels in all three groups, forced training had a significant difference compared to the control group. Exercise and physical activity led to an increase in orexin A and, by affecting the HPA axis, led to anxiety-like behavior in immature rats.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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