نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه فیزیولوژی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
3 کارشناس ارشد گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of autonomic nervous system function is often impaired in sedentary smokers. Given the increased cardiovascular risk in this group and the limited studies available on the effect of aerobic exercise, the present study aimed to compare the effect of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on frequency-dependent HRV indices in young male smokers.
Materials and Methods: The present randomized controlled trial study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design on 30 sedentary male smokers. Inclusion criteria included physical activity of less than 90 minutes per week based on the IPAQ questionnaire and smoking at least five cigarettes per day over the past two years. They continued to smoke cigarettes during the study. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (10 subjects), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) (10 subjects), and control group (10 subjects). The mean and standard deviation of body mass index in the MICT groups were 23.23 ± 0.95, HIIT 23.06 ± 1.62, and control group 23.06 ± 1.62. The mean and standard deviation of maximal oxygen consumption in the MICT groups were 42.03 ± 2.53, HIIT groups were 41.27 ± 3.94, and control groups were 40.60 ± 1.93 mL/kg/min. The intervention was implemented over 12 weeks (36 sessions). The MICT protocol consisted of treadmill running at an intensity of 55–65% HRmax for 30–40 minutes. The HIIT protocol consisted of one-minute intervals of running at an intensity of 85–95% HRmax followed by one-minute active rest at an intensity of 45–55% HRmax, and 8 repetitions were performed from the first to the fourth week, 10 repetitions from the fifth to the eighth week, and 12 repetitions in the ninth to the twelfth week. The training volume of the two groups was matched based on total activity time and cardiovascular load, and the intensity was controlled with a Polar monitor. Measurement of frequency-based factors of heart rate variability (HRV) before and after the intervention was performed with a Holter device under standard conditions for 90 minutes. Data analysis was performed with Shapiro-Wilk, paired t-test, and ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS version 27 software.
Findings: The Paired t-test showed that in the MICT training group, the levels of HRV parameters including TP, HF, and VLF increased significantly after the intervention (P≥0.05), while the LF parameter and LF/HF ratio experienced a significant decrease (P≥0.05). Similarly, in the HIIT group, a significant increase in TP, HF, and VLF levels was observed (P≥0.05), and the LF index and LF/HF ratio were significantly reduced (P≥0.05). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Also, in the intergroup analysis, the comparison of changes between groups using the ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences in the post-test values of TP, LF, HF, VLF, and LF/HF ratio between the MICT and HIIT training groups and the control group (P≥0.05). In the LF, HF, VLF, and LF/HF factors, the HIIT training group had a Significantly greater improvement compared to the MICT training group (P≥0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the TP index between the two training groups (P≥0.399).
Conclusion: Both types of exercise training interventions improve the frequency-based indices of heart rate variability (HRV) in sedentary young smokers; This effect could be due to positive changes in the autonomic nervous system. Considering the positive effect of HIIT training on some frequency-based indicators, this training protocol can be suggested as one of the appropriate approaches to improve cardiorespiratory function in sedentary young smokers.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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