نشریه فیزیولوژی ورزش و فعالیت بدنی

نشریه فیزیولوژی ورزش و فعالیت بدنی

تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین مقاومتی با شدت‌ بالا و پایین به شیوۀ تکرار تا خستگی به همراه دریافت مکمل بتاآلانین بر الکترومایوگرافی و عملکرد ماهیچۀ دوسر بازویی افراد جوان ورزشکار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه بیومکانیک و آسیب شناسی ورزش، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: مکمل بتاآلانین عاملی مؤثر در عملکرد ورزشی و تأخیر در بروز خستگی، به‌ویژه در تمرینات یا ورزش‌های لاکتیکی است؛ اما اثر ترکیب آن با تمرینات مقاومتی با شدت‌های متفاوت بر سازگاری‌های عصبی - ماهیچه‌ای به‌خوبی مشخص نشده است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تعیین تأثیر هشت هفته تمرین مقاومتی با شدت‌های بالا و پایین به شیوۀ تکرار تا خستگی همراه با دریافت مکمل بتاآلانین بر فعالیت الکترومایوگرافی و عوامل عملکردی ماهیچۀ دوسر بازویی در افراد جوان تمرین‌کرده بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: ۱6 مرد جوان با سابقۀ تمرین مقاومتی (سن: 0/2 ± 23 سال و نمایۀ تودۀ بدنی: 89/4 ± 81/25 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع) در دو گروه «تمرین + مکمل بتاآلانین» و «تمرین + دارونما» قرار گرفتند. تمرین با دو شیوه (شدت بالا و پایین) و به مدت هشت هفته (24 جلسه) با اندام متقارن دست اجرا شد؛ به گونه‌ای که در هر نوبت، یک دست با شدت بالا (75 تا80 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه) و دست دیگر با شدت پایین (60 تا 65 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه) تا رسیدن به خستگی تمرین می‌کرد. نشانگرهای عملکردی، شامل حجم تمرین، قدرت، توان و استقامت ماهیچه‌ای و میزان بیشینۀ دامنۀ نسبی فعالیت ماهیچه‌ای ماهیچۀ دوسر بازویی، پیش و پس از دورۀ تمرین ارزیابی شدند. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تی همبسته و تحلیل کوواریانس از طریق نرمافزار SPSS ویراست 27 صورت گرفت.
نتایج: دریافت مکمل بتاآلانین همراه با تمرین مقاومتی، منجر به افزایش معنادار حجم تمرین (001/0P=)، قدرت (001/0P=)، توان (037/0P=) و استقامت (013/0P=) ماهیچه‌ای نسبت به گروه‌های تمرین مقاومتی و دارونما شد؛ در حالی که تغییرات نشانگرهای عصبی - ماهیچه‌ای مبتنی بر EMG، تفاوت معناداری را در بین گروه‌ها نشان نداد (928/0P=). تغییرات شیوۀ تمرین با شدت پایین‌تر نسبت به شدت بالاتر در عامل حجم تمرین (001/0P=) افزایش معناداری داشت. در مقابل، تغییرات شیوۀ تمرین بین شدت بالا و پایین در عوامل EMG (822/0P=)، قدرت (553/0P=)، توان (603/0P=) و استقامت (232/0P=)، معنادار نبود.
نتیجه‌گیری: ترکیب مکمل بتاآلانین با تمرین مقاومتی می‌تواند راهکاری مؤثر برای بهبود عملکرد قدرتی، توانی و استقامت ماهیچه‌ای باشد؛ هرچند تأثیر معناداری بر سازگاری‌های عصبی نشان نداد. دریافت مکمل بتاآلانین در تمرینات با شدت پایین‌تر، امکان انجام تکرارهای بیشتر و افزایش حجم تمرین را فراهم می‌کند؛ اما منجر به برتری سازگاری عملکردی نسبت به تمرین با شدت بالاتر نمی‌شود. با این همه، با توجه به اهمیت حجم تمرین در سازگاری‌های ساختاری، اثربخشی افزایش حجم تمرین ناشی از مصرف مکمل بتاآلانین، باید در دوره‌های طولانی‌تر تمرین بررسی شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effects of eight weeks of high- and low-intensity resistance training to failure combined with beta-alanine supplementation on electromyographic activity and functional performance of the biceps brachii in trained young adults

نویسندگان English

Hamid Rajabi 1
Hadi Safi Khanlou 1
Hamidreza Naserpour 2
Azam Ahmadi 1
Jamil Jafaripour Esmaeili 1
1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Purpose: Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation is an effective strategy for enhancing sports performance and delaying fatigue, particularly during lactate-based training or sports. However, its effects when combined with resistance training at different intensities on neuromuscular adaptation have not been well clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of eight weeks of high- and low-intensity resistance training performed to failure, combined with beta-alanine supplementation, on electromyographic (EMG) activity and performance-related factors of the biceps brachii muscle in trained young adults.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained young men (age, 23.0 ± 2.0 years; body mass index, 25.81 ± 4.89 kg/m²) were assigned to either a resistance training plus beta-alanine supplementation group or a resistance training plus placebo group. Participants completed an eight-week resistance training program consisting of 24 sessions, using a unilateral, symmetrical limb design with two training intensities (high and low). In both groups (supplement and placebo), one arm performed high-intensity resistance training (75–80% of one-repetition maximum [1RM]), while the contralateral arm performed low-intensity resistance training (60–65%1RM), with all sets performed to failure in each set. Performance variables included training volume, muscular strength, power, muscular endurance, and the maximal relative amplitude of electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii muscle. These variables were assessed before and after the training period and analyzed using paired-sample t-tests and analysis of covariance with SPSS software (version 27).
Results: Beta-alanine supplementation with resistance training resulted in significant improvements in training volume (P < 0.001), muscular strength (P < 0.001), power (P < 0.037), and muscular endurance (P < 0.013) compared with resistance training combined with placebo. However, changes in EMG-based neuromuscular indices did not differ significantly between groups (P >0.05). Additionally, low-intensity resistance training resulted in significantly greater changes in training volume compared with high-intensity training (P > 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between high - and low-intensity training in EMG variables (P > 0.05), muscular strength (P > 0.05), power (P > 0.05), or muscular endurance (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Beta-alanine supplementation combined with resistance training may be an effective strategy for improving muscular strength, power, and endurance, although it did not demonstrate a significant effect on neuromuscular adaptation. In addition, beta-alanine supplementation during lower-intensity resistance training may allow participants to perform more repetitions and achieve a higher training volume; however, it does not result in superior functional adaptations compared with higher-intensity training. Considering the importance of training volume in structural adaptations, the efficacy of beta-alanine–induced increases in training volume should be investigated over longer training periods.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Resistance Training
Muscle Fatigue
Electromyography
Muscle Strength
Beta-Alanine
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