cardiovascular and circulatory
Maryam Nazari; Vazgen Minasian; Silva Hovsepian
Abstract
Background and purpose: Obesity, especially central body obesity, is related to risk factors in cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between blood pressure and serum levels of salusin-β, angiopoietin-like ...
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Background and purpose: Obesity, especially central body obesity, is related to risk factors in cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between blood pressure and serum levels of salusin-β, angiopoietin-like protein 3, lipid profile and anthropometric indicators following eight weeks of interval exercises with different intensities among women with overweight/obesity.
Materials and methods: In this study, 30 inactive women were categorized into Three groups of 10 people as follows: control group (average age: 28.7 years ؛body mass index = 30.42 ±3.29 kg/m2), moderate-intensity interval training group: (average age: 30.2 years ؛body mass index = 31.19 ±3.75 kg/m2), and high-intensity interval training group: (average age: 28.9 years ؛body mass index = 30.17 ±3.83 kg/m2). The Subjects of training groups participated for eight weeks in the interval training of pedaling on a stationary bike with different intensities. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the first training session to measure initial values and 48 hours after the last training session to measure changes and the serum levels of salusin-β, angiopoietin-like protein 3 were determined by ELISA method. Factorial ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: Findings related to correlation between variables showed a positive and significant relationship between blood pressure and angiopoietin-like protein 3, waist-hip ratio, salusin-β, waist circumference and an inverse significant relationship between blood pressure and high density lipoproteins .After eight weeks of interval training, The results of factorial analysis of variance show a significant decrease in the levels of angiopoietin-like protein 3, salusin-β, triglyceride, weight, waist circumference, Waist-stature ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and a significant increase in the levels of high-density lipoproteins in exercise groups, but no significant changes were observed in the serum levels of low-density lipoproteins and values related to diastolic blood pressure and the Waist-hip ratio following exercise interventions.
Conclusion: In overweight and obese individuals, the anthropometric indicators as well as serum levels of salusin-β, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and some lipoproteins can be mentioned as an important parameter for risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. However, there is a possibility that indicators such as Waist-hip ratio and waist circumference are better than body mass index and body weight for predicting the risk of high blood pressure. Interval training with sufficient intensity can be effective in increasing people's health by improving body composition and reducing some serum proteins related to high blood pressure.
biochemistry and metabolism
Aylin Jafarzadeh; NAJME REZAEIAN
Abstract
Background and purpose: Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) is one of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) playing a dual role glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training on Adipose Tissue Levels of SRA and ...
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Background and purpose: Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (SRA) is one of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) playing a dual role glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training on Adipose Tissue Levels of SRA and Insulin Resistance Index in Diabetic Rats with High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: Twenty male wistar rat (10-12 weeks old, 200-300 gr) selected and type 2 diabetes was induced by six weeks of high-fat diet and then streptozotocin injection. Afterwards, obese diabetic rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The rats in the experimental group participated in six weeks of high intensity interval training of 40 seconds of running on a treadmill at velocity of 25-35 meter/minute with 2 minutes of active rest between each repetition consist of running at velocity of 10 meter/minute, 30 minutes per session and five sessions per week. All rats were dissected 48 hours after the last training session and adipose levels of SRA, serum levels of insulin and fasting blood sugar were evaluated using appropriate laboratory methods. Data analysis were done using independent and paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Six weeks of high intensity interval training resulted in significant decreases in adipose tissue levels of Steroid Receptor RNA Activator (P=0.001) in addition to significant decreases in levels of insulin (P=0.000) and fasting blood glucose (P=0.000), insulin resistance index (P=0.000) and body weight (P=0.028) in the experimental compared to the control group. Furthermore, six weeks of high intensity interval training in experimental group caused in significant decreases in body weight in post- test compared to pre- test (P=0.000). However, according to the Pearson correlation test, there were no significant correlations between the changes in Steroid Receptor RNA Activator levels of adipose tissue following high intensity interval training and changes in none of the measured indicators (P>0.05). Conclusion: it seems that in addition to improve body composition, six weeks of high intensity interval training play a role in improving insulin resistance by decreasing the levels of SRA. Because the studies acknowledged the existence of a positive correlation between adipose tissue expression of steroid receptor RNA and anthropometric and metabolic indices such as body mass index, body fat percentage, insulin of serum and insulin resistance, and gene expression pattern of steroid receptor RNA in adipose tissue is mainly consistent with immune indicators, which are inherently pro-inflammatory; it seems necessary to conduct more studies to better understand the mechanism involved.
Mohammad Karami; Asieh Abbassi Daloii; Ayoub Saeidi
Abstract
Background and Purpose: More Adipose tissue is associated with the increase of inflammatory markers in obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different intensity circuit resistance training on gremlin-1, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and some cardiovascular risk factors in obese ...
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Background and Purpose: More Adipose tissue is associated with the increase of inflammatory markers in obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different intensity circuit resistance training on gremlin-1, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and some cardiovascular risk factors in obese men.Materials and Methods: In a semi-experimental trial, 44 obese men were selected and randomly divided into four groups including control (n=11), low intensity circuit resistance training (n=11), moderate intensity circuit resistance training (n=11) and high-intensity circuit resistance training (n=11) groups. Resistance training was performed in different intensities included 1) High-intensity circuit resistance training (80% 1RM) 2) Moderate intensity circuit resistance (60% 1RM) and 3) Low intensity circuit resistance training (40% 1RM), three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Serum levels of gremlin-1, MIFand Lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL) were measured using kit and ELISA method. Data were analyzed with Analysis of variance with repeated measures, dependent t-test and Bonferroni post hoc test at the P < 0.05.Results:12 weeks of circular resistance training with low, moderate and high intensity caused a significant decrease in gremlin-1 and MIF levels, significant decrease in cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c levels and significant increase in HDL-c levels (P = 0.001).Conclusion: It seems that circular resistance training with different intensities and especially high intensity can be an effective factor in counteracting the increase in observation of cardiovascular risk factors in obese people.
Maryam Shavandi; Saeid Naghibi; Mohammad Shariatzadeh Joneydi; Maryam Vatandoust; Ali Zare
Abstract
Background and Purpose: One of the most important methods to cope with obesity metabolic disorder is to do exercise activities that are both effective as a prevention and treatment. Since the expression of adipogenic genes such as Retinoblastoma-1 (RB1) and Retinoblastoma like-1 (RBL-1) proteins are ...
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Background and Purpose: One of the most important methods to cope with obesity metabolic disorder is to do exercise activities that are both effective as a prevention and treatment. Since the expression of adipogenic genes such as Retinoblastoma-1 (RB1) and Retinoblastoma like-1 (RBL-1) proteins are effective in adipogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of various intensities of aerobic training on the expression of RB1 and RBL-1 genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats (eight weeks old and weight: 237 ± 33 grams) were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, high intensity training (HIT), Moderate-intensity training (MIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The treadmill training protocols consisted of eight weeks, so that the HIT training consisted of running at a speed of 20 meters per minute or with an intensity of 65% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), with a gradual increasing slope for 30 minutes. MIT training consisted of running at 65% VO2max for 37 minutes and HIIT training consisting of four bouts of high-intensity intervals with four minutes running at 90 to 100% VO2max and four bouts of low-intensity intervals with three minutes running at 50 to 60% VO2max (28 minutes in total). 24 hours after the last training session, the animals were sacrificed and their subcutaneous fat tissue was removed and gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. The obtained data were analyzed due to lack of natural distribution using Kruskal-wallis test and Bonferoni post hoc test through SPSS statistical software version 24 And significance level was considered P < 0.05.Results: The results of the present study showed that the expression of RB1 gene was significantly reduced only in the MIT group compared to the control group (P = 0.027). Also, RBL-1 gene expression was significantly lower only in the HIT group than in the control group (P = 0.028).Conclusion: Since in this study only MIT and HIT aerobic exercises with 65% VO2max intensity could reduce the expression of RB1 and RBL-1 genes, the use of this type of exercise to improve metabolic disorders and inhibit adipogenesis is recommended.
Meysam Torabi; Bahman Mirzaei
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Regular exercise is one of the strongest modulators of type-2 diabetes and most of its effects on cells are caused by changes in cytokines. Fetuin A, as a hepatokine, with known effects on carbohydrate metabolism, is affected by exercise and possibly its intensity in healthy individuals. ...
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Background and Purpose: Regular exercise is one of the strongest modulators of type-2 diabetes and most of its effects on cells are caused by changes in cytokines. Fetuin A, as a hepatokine, with known effects on carbohydrate metabolism, is affected by exercise and possibly its intensity in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the two protocols of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous training on some glycemic control variables and plasma levels of fetuin A in patients with type-2 diabetes.Material and Methods: 45 men with type-2 diabetes (age and BMI, respectively, 45.9 ± 4.2 years, and 30.5 ± 2.5 kg / m2) were randomly divided into three groups: control, high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). The HIIT protocol includes of four intervals of 4-minute activity with 85 to 95% reserve heart rate, separated by 3-minute active rest. The MICT group also did exercise for 47 minutes with 60 to 70% reserve heart rate.Results: FBS and fetuin A was significantly decreased in both HIIT and MICT groups (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between two groups. Similarly, HOMA-IR and plasma insulin levels was decreased significantly in both HIIT and MICT groups (P < 0.05) and the reduction of these two factors in the HIIT group was greater than the MICT group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, both HIIT and MICT can possibly lead to better control of glycemic control and also reduce plasma levels of fetuin A, which seems to be a favorable event due to its initial increase in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, this study did not find a difference between the two types of exercise in reducing fetuin A.
Mozhgan Ahmadi; Neda Aghaei Bahman Begloo
Abstract
purpose: Mitophagy can assist in mitochondrial quality control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training on mitochondrial mitophagy factors in obese male rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats (weight 120 ± 20 g) after inducing obesity with high fat diet ...
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purpose: Mitophagy can assist in mitochondrial quality control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training on mitochondrial mitophagy factors in obese male rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats (weight 120 ± 20 g) after inducing obesity with high fat diet (for 10 weeks), eight rats from the high-fat diet group (O) and eight rats of the standard dietary group (C) to investigate the induction of obesity were described and other obese rats were randomly divided into three groups: obesity control (OC), moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT). The HIIT protocol includes 10 bouts of 4-minute activity with intensity of 85-90% vo2max and 2-minute active rest periods and MICT protocols performed five sessions per week, with intensity of 65-70% VO2max for 12 weeks. Bcl2 and parkin levels were measured by gel electrophoresis and western blotting. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey at P ≤ 0.05.Results: The results showed that both HIIT and MICT training significantly increased bcl2 and PARKIN of Soleus muscle in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups of HIIT and MICT in bcl2 and PARKIN levels of Soleus muscle in obese male rats (P > 0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that HIIT and MICT can help reduce mitochondrial degradation and impairment in skeletal muscle during obesity.
Masoud Rafati; Jabbar Bashiri; Roghayeh Poozesh Jadidi; Hassan Pourrazi
Abstract
Purpose: little is known about the concomitant effects of HIIT and Q10 supplementation in modification of the mitochondorial biogenesis and function in obesity conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the concomitant effects of HIIT and Q10 supplementation on soleus muscle mitochondorial ...
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Purpose: little is known about the concomitant effects of HIIT and Q10 supplementation in modification of the mitochondorial biogenesis and function in obesity conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the concomitant effects of HIIT and Q10 supplementation on soleus muscle mitochondorial content as well as NRF2, SIRT-1 and Tfam levels in obese male rarts.Methods: 48 rats randomized into six groups of lean, obese reference, obese control, obese+HIIT, obese+Q10 and obese concomitant (HIIT+Q10). Obesity was induced by high fat diet and HIIT) were done for 12 weeks (five sessions/week, with 10 intrval bouts for four min at 85-90% of v VO2 peak each session), while Q10 was consumed 500 mg/kg.bw daily. Data were measuered using western blot and Mitotrackervmethods and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Results: Mitochondorial content (P = 0.049) as well as NRF2 (P = 0.002), SIRT-1 (P = 0.007) and Tfam (P = 0.040) levels were significantly lower in obese control than lean group. Mitochondorial content and SIRT-1 levels of three intervention groups of obese+HIIT (P = 0.001), obese+Q10 (P = 0.001) and obese concomitant (P = 0.001) were significantly higher than obese control group and even could precede lean group values (with exception for mitochondorial content in obese+Q10 group (P = 0.001)). Moreover, only in both groups of obese+HIIT ( P= 0.033), and obese concomitant (P = 0.038), NRF2 levels were significantly higher compared to obese control group. However, in none of the intervention groups the Tfam levels had significant differences compared to obese control group (P > 0.05 in all three cases).Conclusions: Obesity likely suppresses soleus muscle mitochondorial biogenesis, or at least increases the removal rate of pre-existing mitochondria. However, HIIT as well as Q10 supplementation seems to partially capable to restore this down regulation, with a greater effects expected for HIIT. However, more investigations remain to be done due to lack of similar evidence and study limitations.
Hesam Parsa; Morteza Zareie
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of exercise training and creatine supplementation interaction on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in obese male rats.Methods: 50 male Wistar rats (weigh; 160 ± 15 g) were randomly divided into five groups. Control, High-fat ...
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Purpose: The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of exercise training and creatine supplementation interaction on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in obese male rats.Methods: 50 male Wistar rats (weigh; 160 ± 15 g) were randomly divided into five groups. Control, High-fat Diet, High-Fat Diet plus creatine supplementation, High-Fat Diet plus exercise training and High-Fat Diet plus Creatine plus exercise training. Training program was 12 weeks swimming and each week its duration increased. At the end, rats underwent the glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the blood samples for analyzing TG, HDL and insulin collected. Moreover, for determining of PGC-1α expression the SOL muscle dissected. Results: Obesity resulted in increased insulin resistance level and it also reduced glucose tolerance and insulin efficiency; creatine supplementation alone did not affect these changes. Training reduced insulin resistance and also elevated glucose tolerance and insulin efficiency in high-fat fed rats and creatine supplementation combined with training had additive effect on these variables. High-fat diet reduced PGC-1α protein level and training elevated it. Creatine supplementation alone or combined with training did not change the expression of this protein (P < 0.05).Conclusion: For the first time, this study shows that combined creatine supplementation with training resulted in improved glycemic control and insulin efficiency and it also reduced the insulin resistance of obese rats.
Hengameh Moradian; Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavar; Ali Zabet
Abstract
Purpose: Endothelial dysfunction is the fastest symptom of vascular dysfunction in obese individuals also the onset of pre-hypertension development and along with lipid profiles can lead to dangerous cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks circuit ...
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Purpose: Endothelial dysfunction is the fastest symptom of vascular dysfunction in obese individuals also the onset of pre-hypertension development and along with lipid profiles can lead to dangerous cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks circuit resistance training (CRT) on some endothelial markers, blood pressure and lipid profiles in pre-hypertensive obese women.Methods: For this purpose, 24 pre-hypertensive obese women (age 44.73 ± 4.43 years, body max index 32.39 ± 3.8kg/m2, systolic blood pressure 13.21 ± 0.61 and diastolic 8.65 ± 0.33 mmHg) were randomly assigned to CRT and Control groups. CRT group performed circuit resistance training for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session was 50 to 60 minutes. Resistance movements performs in the form of three circles and nine stations, including four upper body movements (chest press, lateral pull down, seated cable row, biceps cable curl) and three lower body movements (leg press, seated leg extension, leg curl), and two core-body movements (crunch and back extension) with 12-15 repetitions, which according to the recommendations of the American Heart Association was 40% 1RM for upper body and 60% 1RM for lower body movements. Control group didn’t have any training activities during the intervention. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected 48 hours before the intervention and 48 hours after the last training session.Results: The results showed that eight weeks of circuit resistance training can significantly reduce body fat percentage (P = 0.005), waist to hip ratio (P = 0.043), systolic (P = 0.001) and diastolic (P = 0.002) blood pressure and triglycerides (P = 0.043) and significantly increase nitric oxide levels (P= 0.008).Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of CRT can decrease blood pressure by decline some lipid profile and also increase in nitric oxide levels by increase in capillary network in active muscles, and vascular flexibility.
ali rajabi; ali akbarnejad; Marefat siahkohian; morteza yari
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to comparison of the effect of two different frequencies of aerobic exercise with the same volume and detraining period on the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and lipid profiles in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Thirty-six obese women age?? with type ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to comparison of the effect of two different frequencies of aerobic exercise with the same volume and detraining period on the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and lipid profiles in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Thirty-six obese women age?? with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups of 12 equal members (Group I = three sessions and group two = six sessions per week, with the same volume). Subjects in Groups I and II performed aerobic training for eight weeks with an intensity of 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate and the same volume. Samples were taken Pre-test, 48 hours and two weeks after the last training session. Biochemical variables were measured by ELISA method. The repeated measure of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used to evaluate intra-group changes and One-way ANOVA with post-test Tukey test were used to evaluate the inter-group outcomes at each stage.Results: After eight weeks of interventions, the intergroup results showed that TNF-α, IL-6, TG and total cholesterol were only significantly reduced in Group I (P <0.05). Also, the between-group results showed a significant difference between groups one with control, and I with two in the above variables (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the group two with control in the post-test and detraining stages (P <0.05). And there was no significant difference between group two and control in post-test and detraining stages (P <0.05). Moreover, results in weight, body fat and BMI variables were only significantly reduced in Group I (P <0.05).Conclusion: The effect of exercise training with a longer duration than the frequency in short-term training sessions was better in controlling the IL-6, TNF-α and lipid profiles in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
mohammad azizi; Worya Tahmasebi; Peyman Mohammadi
Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of obesity as a health problem is known in all over the world, as well as diseases associated with obesity, including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease has spread. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ...
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Purpose: The prevalence of obesity as a health problem is known in all over the world, as well as diseases associated with obesity, including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease has spread. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training in hypoxia and normoxia on irisin levels and insulin resistance index in overweight men Methods: fourteen non-athlete men divided in either hypoxic (14% oxygen) (mean age 22 ± 1.63 yr and BMI 28.48 ± 1.28 kg/m2) or normoxic (21% Oxygen) (mean age 22.14 ± 1.34 yr and BMI 27.83 ± 2.42 kg/m2) condition randomly. Subjects do aerobic training for eight weeks (each session was 45 minutes, 3 d•wk−1, with 60% VO2max). Subjects performed an exhaustion test to determine the maximum oxygen consumption before the beginning of the training. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after the test. Dependent t-test, independent t-test and Pearson correlation test with significant level (P≤0.05) was used to examine the hypotheses. Results: The result showed a significant increase in irisin level after eight weeks of aerobic training in both normoxia (8%) and hypoxia (12%) conditions, while the HOMA-IR had a significant reduction (P≤0.05); it has to be mentioned that no significant difference has been observed between groups in both irisin and HOMA-IR changes. Conclusion: Training in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, through a favorable impact on irisin levels and insulin resistance and can act as an effective factor to improve the complications in overweight men.
Asieh Abbassi-Daloii; Reza Shaghi; Mozhgan Ahmadi; Mohammad ali Kohanpour
Volume 10, Issue 1 , September 2017, , Pages 21-30
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training on serum levels of GLP-1, DPP-4 and insulin resistance in obese men. Methods: 20 obese men (age 29/76±2/01 years, height 1/79±0/07m, weight 108/24±5/69 kg, BMI 33/49±1/18kg/square meters) ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training on serum levels of GLP-1, DPP-4 and insulin resistance in obese men. Methods: 20 obese men (age 29/76±2/01 years, height 1/79±0/07m, weight 108/24±5/69 kg, BMI 33/49±1/18kg/square meters) divided into resistance training and control groups. The resistance training consisted of 6 stations with 55-75% of one repetition maximum, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Blood in two phases, before and after 8 weeks (48 hours after the last training session) was collected after 12 hours fasting. Data were analyzed with ANONA repeated measures at P≤0.05. Results: serum levels of GLP-1 training group compared with the group control significantly increased (P=0.027). Glucose and DPP-4 serum levels of training group were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P = 0.019 and P = 0.003). But in training group did not change insulin resistance compared with the control group (P = 0.49). Conclusion: probably Protocol of resistance training due to in a significant increase in GLP-1 and significantly reduced in DPP-4 and these changes is Accompanied with reducing appetite and the regulation of glucose metabolism in obese men, but probably either had no significant effect on insulin resistance or more time of resistance training requires to see a significant difference in the parameter.
