برآورد انرژی مصرفی و سهم دستگاه‌های انرژی در ورزشکاران نخبۀ دفاع شخصی

یوسفعلی زاده, احسان; ابراهیم, خسرو; احمدی زاد, سجاد

doi:10.52547/joeppa.14.2.33

برآورد انرژی مصرفی و سهم دستگاه‌های انرژی در ورزشکاران نخبۀ دفاع شخصی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

10.52547/joeppa.14.2.33

چکیده

هدف: هدف از این پژوهش برآورد انرژی مصرفی و سهم دستگاه‌های انرژی در ورزشکاران نخبۀ دفاع شخصی بود.
روش‌ها: به‌منظور برآورد انرژی مصرفی و سهم دستگاه‌های انرژی کل مبارزه، ابتدا 12 مرد ورزشکار نخبۀ دفاع شخصی (میانگین سنی ۴/۱±۶/۲۴سال، قد ۲/۲±۱/ سانتی‌متر۱۸۲، تودۀ بدن ۴۴/۲±۱/۷۸ کیلوگرم، درصد چربی %۵/۱±۸۳/۱۶) آزمون‌های اکسیژن مصرفی بیشینه و ضربان قلب بیشینۀ بروس را روی نوار گردان و میانگین ضربان قلب طی رقابت واقعی را روی تاتامی به‌منظور تعیین شدت انجام دادند، سپس دو راند مبارزۀ ۳ دقیقه با فاصلۀ استراحتی ۱ دقیقه شبیه رقابت را انجام دادند. برای تعیین شدت نسبت کار به استراحت در طول مبارزه، کل زمان راند موردنظر فیلم‌برداری شد، سهم دستگاه‌های هوازی، فسفاژن و گلیکولیز بی‌هوازی به‌ترتیب از طریق مصرف اکسیژن در طول فعالیت، بخش سریع مصرف بیش از حد اکسیژن پس از فعالیت و تغییرات غلظت لاکتات خون در هر راند به‌دست آمد. برای بررسی طبیعی بودن داده‌ها از آزمون شپیرو-ویلک و برای بررسی تفاوت بین‌گروهی از تحلیل آزمون تی زوجی استفاده شد (۰۵/۰>P).
نتایج: میانگین نسبت کار به استراحت حدود 1 به ۷/۱ بود. مقدار انرژی مطلق (kJ) و نسبی (%) دستگاه‌های هوازی، فسفاژن و گلیکولیز بی‌هوازی به‌ترتیب kJ۱۱±۱۲۲ (۴±۵۶%)، kJ۲±۶۹ (۲/۰±۳۲%) و kJ ۸±۲۴ (۳±۱۰%) بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج پژوهش توصیه می‌شود در تمرینات و فرایند آموزش به‌طور کلی از دستگاه بی‌هوازی فسفاژن (به‌منظور انجام کار با شدت بالا) و دستگاه هوازی (به‌منظور بازیافت) برای به بیشینه رساندن عملکرد ورزشکار استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the energy demands and contribution of the energy systems during self-defense in elite athletes

نویسندگان [English]

Ehsan Yousefalizadeh
Khosrow Ibrahim
Sajjad Ahmadizad

Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy demands and contribution of the energy systems during self-defense in elite athletes. Twelve male self-defense elite athletes (age, 24 ± 1.4 yr, body mass: 78.1 ± 2.44 kg; percent of body fat, 16.83 ± 1.5 %) voluntarily participated in the study.
Methods: To estimate the energy contributions, and total energy cost of the fights, athletes VO_2max, HR_max and HR_mean, were obtained' using Bruce test on a treadmill. The athletes performed a simulated competition consisting of two (3 min) rounds with a (1 min) recovery in between each round. The combats were video recorded to quantify the actual time for fighting in each round. The contribution of the aerobic (W_AER), anaerobic alactic (W_PCR), and anaerobic lactic (W_(La^-1₎) energy systems was estimated through the measurement of oxygen consumption during the activity and the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), and the change in blood lactate concentration were estimated in each round, respectively.
Results: The mean ratio of high intensity to actions of low intensity actions (attacks and no attacks) was 1:1.7. The W_AER, W_PCR and (W_(La^-1₎) system contributions were estimated as 122 ± 11 kJ (56±4%), 69 ± 2 kJ (32 ± 0.2%), 24 ± 8 kJ (10 ± 3%), respectively.
Conclusion: Thus, training sessions for self-defense should be directed mainly toward improvement of the anaerobic alactic system (used with high intensity actions), and of the aerobic system (used with recovery between high-intensity actions).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Energy systems
Oxygen consumption
Lactate
Combat sports
Self-defense

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