نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد آیت الله آملی، آمل، ایران
چکیده
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی ویژگی‌های آنتروپومتریک، تیپ بدنی و آمادگی جسمانی نفرات برتر دوازدهمین المپیاد ورزشی کشور و مقایسۀ ویژگی‌های آن‌ها با قهرمانان ملی در رشته‌های مربوطه به‌منظور تعیین تفاوت‌های بین ورزش قهرمانی در سطح دانشگاهی و ملی بود.
روش‌ها: از نفرات و تیم‌های برتر (اول تا سوم) رشته‌های ورزشی مختلف برای شرکت در پژوهش دعوت به‌عمل آمد. آزمودنی‌های داوطلب پس از حضور در آزمایشگاه تحت بررسی‌های ترکیب بدنی، آنتروپومتریک و نوع پیکری قرار گرفتند. قابلیت‌های جسمانی شامل انعطاف‌پذیری، توان بی‌هوازی با لاکتیک، توان بی‌هوازی بی‌لاکتیک و توان هوازی نیز اندازه‌گیری شد. پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها به تفکیک جنسیت با هنجار ملی قهرمانان که توسط کمیتة ملی المپیک تهیه شده بود، مقایسه شدند. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری از تی- تک‌نمونه در سطح 05/0≥P استفاده شد.
نتایج: بهترین عملکرد در قابلیت‌های جسمانی در پسران متعلق به کشتی آزاد و فرنگی بوده است. همچنین در بخش دختران در انعطاف‌پذیری و توان بی‌هوازی با لاکتیک رشتة بدمینتون، در ارگوجامپ رشتة والیبال و در اکسیژن مصرفی بیشینه رشتة دوومیدانی بهترین عملکردها را داشتند. مقایسة نتایج با هنجار ملی نشان داد هم از نظر قابلیت‌های جسمانی (05/0>P) و هم نوع پیکری (05/0>P) ورزشکاران ملی در سطح مطلوب‌تری نسبت به ورزشکاران برتر المپیاد دانشجویی قرار دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: می‌توان گفت ورزشکاران دانشگاهی در سطح بسیار پایین‌تری از نظر قابلیت‌های جسمانی، ترکیب بدنی و نوع پیکری قرار دارند و نمی‌توانند پشتوانة مناسبی برای ورزش ملی کشور باشند و ورزش دانشگاهی به برنامه‌ریزی دقیقی به‌منظور افزایش سطح آمادگی جسمانی و فیزیولوژیکی دانشجویان قهرمان رشته‌های مختلف و کم کردن فاصلة آن‌ها با قهرمانان ملی نیاز دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigation and comparison of anthropometric, somatotype and physical fitness characteristics of the twelfth students’ Olympiad medal winners with national champions
نویسندگان [English]
- Sajjad Ahmadizad 1
- Mohammad Purkiani 1
- Mahmoud Reza Taghizadeh 1
- Hiva Rahmani 1
- Farshad Emami 2
1 Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
چکیده [English]
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anthropometric, somatotype and physical fitness characteristics of medal winners in the twelfth students’ athletic games and compare their characteristics with national champions in the same sport to determine the difference between athletes at two different levels of national and universities.
Methods: medal winners (male and female) of different sports in this student’s games were invited to participate in the study. After attending to the laboratories, all subjects’ body composition, somatotype and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Thereafter, their body abilities including flexibility, anaerobic lactic acid capacity, anaerobic alactic acid capacity and aerobic power were determined. One sample t-test was used as statistical analysis of data at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: the best performances in male were for freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. In addition, in female, badminton players had the best flexibility and anaerobic lactic capacity, volleyball players had the best anaerobic alactic capacity, and runners had the best aerobic power. Comparison of national champions’ norms with winners of student’s games revealed higher physical abilities (P < 0.05) and a better somatotype (P < 0.05) for national champions.
Conclusion: with respect to physical abilities, somatotype and body composition student’s athletes are in a far lower level than national champions and that they cannot be used as a support for national sports. Therefore, the Iranian national student athletic federation and physical education department for Ministry of sciences must design a careful program to increase the level of physical fitness and physiological characteristics of students’ athletes in different sports and to lessen their differences with national champions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Student’s games
- Physical characteristics
- Anthropometric characteristics
- Body composition
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