مقایسة تأثیرات تمرین مقاومتی با بار متغیر و بار ثابت بر هورمون‌های تستوسترون، کورتیزول و رشد بزاقی در مردان تمرین‌کرده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکدة علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

2 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکدة علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: تمرین مقاومتی با بار متغیر نوعی شیوۀ تمرینی است که با استفاده از مقاومت اضافی خارجی مانند زنجیر و نوارهای الاستیکی، به بهبود قدرت و عملکرد عضلانی کمک می‌کند. مقایسة اثر تمرینات مقاومتی با بار ثابت در برابر بار متغیر بر پاسخ‌های هورمونی کمتر بررسی شده است. ازاین‌رو در این پژوهش تأثیرات حاد و مزمن تمرین مقاومتی با بار متغیر در مقابل تمرین مقاومتی با بار ثابت بر پاسخ هورمون‌های تستوسترون، رشد و کورتیزول در مردان تمرین‌کرده بررسی شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: 30 مرد جوان دارای تجربة تمرین مقاومتی برای این تحقیق انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی در یکی از سه گروه، تمرین مقاومتی با بار متغیر، تمرین مقاومتی با بار ثابت و گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. آزمودنی‌های هر دو گروه تمرینی، تمرین را با شدت 65 تا 85 درصد 1RM در سه نوبت و به مدت ده هفته (سه جلسه در هفته) انجام دادند. برنامة تمرینی اغلب شامل انجام حرکات اصلی بالاتنه و پایین‌تنه و استراحت بین نوبت‌ها و حرکات به‌ترتیب یک و دو تا سه دقیقه بود. افزون‌بر این، گروه تمرین مقاومتی با بار متغیر از زنجیر 5/7 کیلوگرمی به‌عنوان بار مقاومت متغیر استفاده کردند. نمونه‌های بزاق برای سنجش غلظت هورمون‌های تستوسترون، کورتیزول و رشد در پیش و پس از اولین جلسه (پاسخ حاد) و آخرین جلسه (پاسخ مزمن) جمع‌آوری و سپس به روش الایزا اندازه‌گیری شد. از روش آماری تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد و سطح معناداری نیز 05/0P£ در نظر گرفته شد.
نتایج: نتایج حاکی از آن بود که در مورد اثر حاد، تنها تغییرات تستوسترون معنادار بود (003/0=P)، به‌طوری‌که افزایش معناداری در تستوسترون بزاقی در تمرین مقاومتی با بار متغیر در مقایسه با گروه تمرین مقاومتی با بار ثابت (001/0=P) و گروه کنترل (003/0=P) مشاهده شد. ولی در سطح کورتیزول (64/0=P)، هورمون رشد (52/0=P) و نسبت تستوسترون به کورتیزول (49/0=P) تغییر معناداری مشاهده نشد. در مورد پاسخ سازگاری نیز بین گروه‌ها اختلاف معناداری در تستوسترون بزاقی (377/0=P)، کورتیزول (570/0=P)، هورمون رشد (200/0=P) و نسبت تستوسترون به کورتیزول (91/0=P) مشاهده نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی با بار متغیر نسبت به بار ثابت موجب افزایش هورمون تستوسترون بلافاصله پس از تمرین می‌شود، ولی ده هفته تمرین مقاومتی با بار ثابت و متغیر تأثیری بر مقادیر هورمون‌های تستوسترون، کورتیزول و رشد ندارد. به‌نظر می‌رسد چنانچه تمرینات مقاومتی با بار متغیر با حجم یا شدت بالاتر انجام گیرند، پاسخ‌های هورمونی بیشتری در پاسخ به تمرین اتفاق بیفتد و در نتیجه اثربخشی این تمرینات بیشتر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The comparison of the effect of variable and constant resistance training on the salivary testosterone, cortisol and growth hormone in trained men

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Emtiaz 1
  • Seyed Alireza Hosseini Kakhk 2
  • Amir Hossein Haghighi 1
1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose:  Variable resistance training (VRT) is a type of resistance training that helps to improve muscle strength and function through extra resistance such as elastic bands and chains. The comparison of the effect of constant resistance training (CRT) versus VRT on hormonal response has not been fully studied. So, this study investigated the acute and chronic effects of VRT versus CRT on the salivary concentration of testosterone, growth hormone, and cortisol in trained men.
Material and Methods: 30 young resistance-trained men were recruited for this study and were randomly assigned to three groups including VRT, CRT, and control. Both training groups performed an exercise protocol with an intensity of 65 to 85% of 1RM for 10 weeks and 3 sets (three sessions per week). The training included the main upper and lower extremity exercises and the rest period between the sets and exercises was 1 and 2-3 minutes respectively.
In addition, the VRT  group used 7.5 kg chains as an external variable resistance. Oral saliva samples were collected before and after the first session (acute response) and the last session (chronic response) and then analyzed by ELISA method. Inter-group changes were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The significance level was also considered equal to P £ 0.05.
Results: a significant group×time interaction was observed only for the acute response of salivary testosterone (P = 0.003). So, a significant increase was observed in the salivary of testosterone in the VRT compared to CRT (P = 0.001) and control (P = 0.003), although no significant differences were observed for cortisol (P=0.64), growth hormone (P = 0.52)  and testosterone to growth hormone (P = 0.49). Also, no significant group×time interaction was observed for testosterone (P = 0.377), cortisol (P=0.57), testosterone to cortisol ratio (P = 0.91), and growth hormone (P = 0.200) in chronic response (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that a session of VRT caused a significant increase in testosterone hormone immediately after exercise, but 10 weeks of VRT or CRT had no significant effect on the levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth. It seems that if VRT is performed with higher intensity or volume, additional hormonal responses will occur as a result of exercise, and therefore the effectiveness of the exercise will promote.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Variable resistance training
  • Constant resistance training
  • Hormonal respons
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 دی 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 26 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1402