مقایسة اثر تمرینات تاباتا روی سطوح نرم و سخت بر ساختار و عملکرد بطن چپ و برخی عوامل آمادگی جسمانی بازیکنان زبدة فوتبال ساحلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: تمرین مداوم روی ماسه به‌دلیل هزینة انرژی بیشتر نسبت به سطوح سخت ممکن است به تمرین‌زدگی منجر شود. بنابراین ایجاد تنوع در تمرینات ضروری خواهد بود. تمرینات تاباتا نوعی از تمرینات تناوبی با شدت بالاست که تأثیر آن بر بهبود برخی عوامل آمادگی جسمانی بازیکنان رشته‌های تیمی گزارش شده است. با این همه، پژوهشی دربارة تأثیر آن بر آمادگی بازیکنان فوتبال ساحلی انجام نگرفته است. در نتیجه، هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسة اثر شش هفته تمرینات تاباتا روی کفپوش سالنی نسبت به ماسه بر برخی عوامل آمادگی جسمانی و ساختار و عملکرد بطن چپ فوتبالیست‌های ساحلی زبده بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: 16 بازیکن از یکی از تیم‌های لیگ برتری کشور به‌طور تصادفی به دو گروه مساوی شامل گروه ماسه و سالن تقسیم شدند. به‌جز جنس زمین تمرین، سایر متغیرهای تمرینی بین دو گروه مشابه بود. هر نوبت تمرینی به‌ مدت چهار دقیقه (20 ثانیه فعالیت:10 ثانیه استراحت) انجام گرفت. تمرینات سه جلسه در هفته انجام گرفت و مدت هر جلسه 34 تا 39 دقیقه (هفت تا هشت ست) بود. شاخص‌های قلبی (اکوکاردیوگرافی دوبعدی) و عوامل آمادگی جسمانی، به‌ترتیب 72 ساعت و 48 ساعت پیش و پس از دورة تمرینی اندازه‌گیری شدند. همچنین غذای مصرفی بازیکنان در روزهای انجام آزمون‌، مشابه بود. از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس  برای بررسی تفاوت‌های بین‌گروهی در سطح 05/0>P استفاده شد.
نتایج: افزایش حجم ضربه‌ای (SV؛ 001/0>P) و حجم پایان دیاستولی بطن چپ (003/0=P) و کاهش ضخامت نسبی دیوارة خلفی بطن چپ (042/0=P) در گروه ماسه به‌طور معنا‌داری بیشتر از گروه سالن بود. به‌جز توان بی‌هوازی اوج در گروه سالن (604/0=P)، بهبود مشاهده‌شده در سایر عوامل آمادگی جسمانی هر دو گروه معنا‌دار بود (05/0>P). با این همه، از نظر مقادیر نسبی VO2max (58/0=P)، توان بی‌هوازی اوج (134/0=P)، کمینه (913/0=P) و متوسط (5/0=P)، توان انفجاری (702/0=P)، دوی سرعت 30 متر (23/0=P) و چابکی (884/0=P) تفاوت معنا‌داری بین گروه‌ها مشاهده نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد شش هفته تمرینات تاباتا روی ماسه نسبت به کفپوش سالنی موجب افزایش بیشتر SV بازیکنان زبدة فوتبال ساحلی از طریق بازگشت بیشتر خون وریدی به قلب می‌شود. با این همه، از نظر توان هوازی، شاخص‌های توان بی‌هوازی، توان انفجاری، سرعت حرکت و عملکرد چابکی، تفاوتی بین انجام تمرینات روی ماسه یا کفپوش سالنی مشاهده نشد. در نتیجه، استفاده از شیوة تمرینات تاباتا روی کفپوش سالنی استاندارد برای ایجاد تنوع در برنامة آماده‌سازی بازیکنان فوتبال ساحلی یا در شرایطی که به سطح ماسه دسترسی وجود ندارد، توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the effect of Tabata training on soft and hard surfaces on left ventricular structure and function and some physical fitness factors in elite beach soccer players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Mohamadi Bazneshin
  • Arsalan Damirchi
  • Hamid Arazi
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: Repeated exercise on sand may lead to overreaching due to higher energy costs than on hard surfaces. Therefore, it will be necessary to create variety in training. Tabata training is a type of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which has been reported to improve some physical fitness factors in team sport players. However, no research has been done regarding its effects on the fitness of beach soccer players. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of six weeks of Tabata training on indoor hardcourt vs. sand on some physical fitness factors and the structure and function of the left ventricle in elite beach soccer players.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen players from one of the Iran Premier Beach Soccer League teams were randomly divided into two equal groups including the sand group and the indoor group. Except for the type of training surface, other training variables were similar between the groups. Each exercise set was performed for 4 min (20 s exercise:10 s rest). The protocol was performed in three sessions a week and the duration of each session was 34 to 39 minutes (7 to 8 sets). Cardiac variables (two-dimensional echocardiography) and physical fitness factors were measured at 72 h and 48 h, respectively, before and after the training period. Moreover, the food consumed by the players on the test days was similar. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was used to determine the differences between the groups at P < 0.05.
Results: The increase in stroke volume (SV; P < 0.001) and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (P = 0.003), and the decrease in the relative left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P = 0.042) were significantly higher in the sand group than in the indoor group. Except for peak anaerobic power in the indoor group (P = 0.604), the improvement observed in other physical fitness factors was significant in both groups (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in in terms of relative VO2max (P = 0.58), peak (P = 0.134), minimum (P = 0.913), and average (P = 0.5) anaerobic power, explosive power (P = 0.702), 30-m sprint (P = 0.23) and agility (P = 0.884).
Conclusion: Compared to indoor hardcourt, it seems that six weeks of Tabata training on sand increases the SV of elite beach soccer players through a greater venous return to the heart. However, no difference was observed between training on sand or indoor hardcourt in terms of aerobic power, anaerobic power parameters, explosive power, speed of movement, and agility performance. Therefore, the use of Tabata training protocol on a standard indoor hardcourt is recommended to create a variety of conditioning programs for beach soccer players or in situations where there is no access to a sand surface.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sand
  • Aerobic fitness
  • Anaerobic power
  • Sprint
  • Agility

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 26 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1402

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