1. Tsalamandris S, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Papamikroulis GA, Vogiatzi G, Papaioannou S, et al. The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Eur Cardiol. 2019;14(1):50–9. DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2018.33.1.
2. Oguntibeju OO. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2019;11(3):45–63. PMID: 31333808; PMID: 31333808; PMCID: PMC6628012.
3. Papachristoforou E, Lambadiari V, Maratou E, Makrilakis K. Association of Glycemic Indices (Hyperglycemia, Glucose Variability, and Hypoglycemia) with Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:7489795. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7489795.
4. Yang K, Xu S, Zhao H, Liu L, Lv X, Hu F, et al. Hypoxia and Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide synergistically induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;94:107456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107456
5. Nițulescu IM, Ciulei G, Cozma A, Procopciuc LM, Orășan OH. From Innate Immunity to Metabolic Disorder: A Review of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med. 2023;12(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12186022.
6. Margaryan S, Kriegova E, Fillerova R, Smotkova Kraiczova V, Manukyan G. Hypomethylation of IL1RN and NFKB1 genes is linked to the dysbalance in IL1β/IL-1Ra axis in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233737.
7. Chao M, Wang C, Dong X, Ding M. The Effects of Tai Chi on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res. 2018;2018:7350567. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7350567
8. Czech MP. Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Med. 2017;23(7):804–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4350
9. Balducci S, Sacchetti M, Haxhi J, Orlando G, D'Errico V, Fallucca S, et al. Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30 Suppl 1:13–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2514.
10. Zhang T, Tian J, Fan J, Liu X, Wang R. Exercise training-attenuated insulin resistance and liver injury in elderly pre-diabetic patients correlates with NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1082050. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082050
11. Armannia F, Ghazalian F, Shadnoush M, Keyvani H, Gholami M. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Body Composition and Gene Expression of ACE2, NLRP3, and FNDC5 in Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2022;36:161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36820332/[in Persian]
12. Babaei S, Fattahpou marandi M. The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training and zinc supplementation on interleukin 1 beta and TNF alpha in women with type 2 diabetes. Research in Exercise Nutrition. 2022;1(3):33–41. https://doi.org/10.22034/ren.2023.140130.1025[in Persian]
13. khakroo Abkenar I, Rahmani-nia F, Lombardi G. The effect of different intensities of acute and chronic aerobic activity on the signaling pathway of the inflammasome NLRP3 complex and TLR4 and some inflammatory cytokines in young men. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 2020;8(16):116–30. https://doi.org/10.22077/jpsbs.2019.1982.1454[in Persian].
14. Sayyad M, Sheikhani H, Moqaddasi M, Jowhari A. The effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval water training on liver TLR-4 protein and serum TNF-α in male rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by high-fat diet. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2022;9(1):125–35. https://doi.org/10.22049/jahssp.2022.27761.1458[in Persian].
15. Akbari Vargesaran F, Pourrahim Ghouroghchi A. The effect of 8 weeks of endurance-resistance training with taurine supplementation on the serum level of osteopontin and osteocalcin in Wistar diabetic male rats treated with streptozocin. Daneshvar Medicine. 2023;31(1):34–45. https://doi.org/10.22070/daneshmed.2023.16988.1292[in Persian].
16. Sedaghat M, Choobineh S, Ravasi AA. Taurine with combined aerobic and resistance exercise training alleviates myocardium apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetes rats via Akt signaling pathway. Life Sci. 2020;258:118225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118225.
17. Masoodian SM, Omidifar A, Moradkhani S, Asiabanha M, Khoshmirsafa M. HOMA-IR mean values in healthy individuals: a population-based study in iranian subjects. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2023;22(1):219–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01099-9. [in Persian]
18. Hu S, Hu Y, Long P, Li P, Chen P, Wang X. The effect of tai chi intervention on NLRP3 and its related antiviral inflammatory factors in the serum of patients with pre-diabetes. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1026509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026509.
19. Majidi S, Banaeifar A, Azarbayjani MA, Arshadi S. Comparison the Effect of Exercise Types of Endurance, Resistance and Combine Training on NLRP-3 and Insulin Resistance in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2022;21(6):366–78. http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6090-en.html. [in Persian].
20. Mardare C, Krüger K, Liebisch G, Seimetz M, Couturier A, Ringseis R, et al. Endurance and Resistance Training Affect High Fat Diet-Induced Increase of Ceramides, Inflammasome Expression, and Systemic Inflammation in Mice. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:4536470. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4536470.
21. Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Theunissen R, Duijvestijn AM, Clément K, Tervaert JW, et al. Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and T cell population markers in adipose tissue are associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in humans. Mol Immunol. 2012;50(3):142–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2012.01.005.
22. Um HS, Kang EB, Leem YH, Cho IH, Yang CH, Chae KR, et al. Exercise training acts as a therapeutic strategy for reduction of the pathogenic phenotypes for Alzheimer's disease in an NSE/APPsw-transgenic model. Int J Mol Med. 2008;22(4):529–39. PMID: 18813861
23. Aguiar AS, Jr., Tuon T, Pinho CA, Silva LA, Andreazza AC, Kapczinski F, et al. Intense exercise induces mitochondrial dysfunction in mice brain. Neurochem Res. 2008;33(1):51–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9406-x.
24. Tuon T, Valvassori SS, Lopes-Borges J, Luciano T, Trom CB, Silva LA, et al. Physical training exerts neuroprotective effects in the regulation of neurochemical factors in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience. 2012;227:305–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.063.
25. Rao RR, Long JZ, White JP, Svensson KJ, Lou J, Lokurkar I, et al. Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis. Cell. 2014;157(6):1279–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.065.
26. Javaid HMA, Sahar NE, ZhuGe DL, Huh JY. Exercise Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obese Mice via the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Meteorin-like. Cells. 2021;10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123480.
27. Wang J, Ding N, Chen C, Gu S, Liu J, Wang Y, et al. Adropin: a key player in immune cell homeostasis and regulation of inflammation in several diseases. Frontiers in Immunology. 2025;Volume 16 - 2025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1482308.
28. Yang W, Liu L, Wei Y, Fang C, Liu S, Zhou F, et al. Exercise suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice with diet-induced NASH: a plausible role of adropin. Lab Invest. 2021;101(3):369–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41374-020-00508-y
29. Liu H-W, Chang S-J. Moderate Exercise Suppresses NF-κB Signaling and Activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α Axis to Attenuate Muscle Loss in Diabetic db/db Mice. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018;Volume 9 - 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00636
30 Abderrazak A, Syrovets T, Couchie D, El Hadri K, Friguet B, Simmet T, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome: from a danger signal sensor to a regulatory node of oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol. 2015;4:296–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.008.
31. Wang Y, Xu Y, Sheng H, Ni X, Lu J. Exercise amelioration of depression-like behavior in OVX mice is associated with suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampus. Behav Brain Res. 2016;307:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.044.
32. Fatollahian Z, Monazzami A, Tadibi V, Mostafaei A. MODULATION OF INTERLEUKIN-1Β (IL-1Β ), TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR–Α (TNF-Α) AND INTERLEUKIN-10 (IL-10 ) GENES EXPRESSION FOLLOWING CONCURRENT TRAINING IN WOMEN WITH TYPE2 DIABETES. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2020;19(3):160–9. http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5934-en.html. [in Persian].
33. Nicklas BJ, Hsu FC, Brinkley TJ, Church T, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Exercise training and plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(11):2045–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01994.x
34. Connolly PH, Caiozzo VJ, Zaldivar F, Nemet D, Larson J, Hung SP, et al. Effects of exercise on gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;97(4):1461–9. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00316.2004.
