تاثیر تمرین موازی به مدت چهار و هشت هفته بر شاخص‌های التهابی، قدرت عضلانی و عملکرد قلبی-تنفسی در دختران نوجوان غیرفعال

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

هدف: تاثیر تمرین موازی بر وضعیت التهابی و آمادگی جسمانی دختران نوجوان غیرفعال کمتر تحت مطالعه قرار گرفته است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر تمرین موازی به مدت چهار و هشت هفته بر شاخص­های التهابی، قدرت عضلانی و عملکرد قلبی-تنفسی در دختران نوجوان غیرفعال بود. روش‌شناسی: در یک مطالعه نیمه­تجربی بیست ­و سه نفر از دختران نوجوان غیرفعال بطور تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین (11=n، 28/0±07/17 سال، 7/8±45/53 کیلوگرم، 9/3±98/20 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع) و کنترل (12=n، 25/0±16/17 سال، 1/9±50/56 کیلوگرم، 1/3±44/21 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع)تقسیم شدند. ویژگی­های عمومی آزمودنی­ها و سطوح سرمی شاخص‌های التهابی پروتئین واکنشگر C (CRP) و عامل نکروز تومور-آلفا (TNF-α) قبل، پس از هفته چهارم و پس از هفته هشتم دوره تمرین اندازه­گیری شد. پروتکل تمرین موازی شامل هشت هفته حرکات هوازی موزون و تمرین با وزنه (3 جلسه تمرین در هفته، حرکات هوازی با شدت 60 تا 75 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب و به مدت 15 تا 30 دقیقه و تمرینات با وزنه با شدت 60 تا 70 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه و به مدت 25 تا 55 دقیقه در هر جلسه) بود. نتایج: تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با آزمون تحلیل واریانس دو عاملی با اندازه­گیری­های مکرر صورت گرفت. سطح معنی­داری 05/0>P در نظر گرفته شد. وزن، نمایه توده بدن، درصد چربی بدن و غلظت­های سرمی CRP و TNF-α آزمودنی­ها پس از دوره تمرین تغییری نکرد. قدرت عضلانی و عملکرد قلبی-تنفسی در پایان هفته چهارم و به میزان بیشتری در پایان هفته هشتم دوره تمرین افزایش یافت(05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: اجرای تمرین موازی تاثیری بر اندازه­های آنتروپومتریکی و شاخص­های التهابی دختران نوجوان غیرفعال ندارد، اما آمادگی جسمانی وابسته به سلامت را بهبود بخشید و بهبودی حاصله متعاقب هشت هفته تمرین بیشتر از چهار هفته تمرین بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of four- and eight-week concurrent training on inflammatory markers, muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory function in inactive adolescent girls

چکیده [English]



Effect of concurrent training on inflammatory status and physical fitness of inactive adolescent girls has less been
studied. The purpose of this study was to survey effect of four- and eight-week concurrent training on inflammatory
markers, muscular strength, and cardio respiratory function in inactive adolescent girls. In a semi-experimental
study, twenty three inactive adolescent girls were randomly placed at two groups: training (n=11, 17.07±0.28 yr,
53.45±8.7 kg, 20.98±3.9 kg/m2) and control (n=12, 17.16±0.25 yr, 56.50±9.1 kg, 21.44±3.1 kg/m2). General
characteristics of subjects and serum levels of inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed before and after fourth and eighth weeks of training period. Concurrent training
protocol was included eight weeks rhythmic aerobics and weight training (3 sessions per week, aerobics with
intensity 60-75% of maximum heart rate and duration of 15-30 min and weight training with intensity of60-70% of
one repetition maximum and duration of 25-55 min per each session). Data were analyzed by two-factor ANOVA
with repeated measures test.Statistical significance was accepted at P<0.05. Body weight, body mass index, body
fat percent, and serum concentrations of CRP and TNF-α didn’t change after training period. Muscular strength and
cardio respiratory function were increased at end of fourth week, and more, eighth week of training period (P<0.05).
Performing concurrent training has no effect on anthropometrics and inflammatory markers of inactive adolescent
girls, while improved the health-related physical fitness and this improvement was more following eight- than fourweek
training.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Concurrent training
  • CRP
  • TNF-α
  • Girls
  • Adolescent

مراجع

  1. - McCambridge TM, Stricker PR. (2008). Strength training by children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 121, 4: pp. 835-40.
  2. - Landry BW, Driscoll SW. (2012). Physical activity in children and adolescents. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 4, 11: pp. 826-32.
  3. - Stolzman S. (2012). Inflammatory markers in pediatric obesity: healthand physical activity implications. Infant, Child, and Adolescent Nutrition. 4, 5: pp. 297-302.
  4. - Malina RM. (2007). Physical fitness of children and adolescents in the UnitedStates: status and secular change. Medical Sports Sciences. 50: pp. 67-90.
  5. - Eliakim A1, Barstow TJ, Brasel JA, Ajie H, Lee WN, Renslo R, et al. (1996). Effect of exercise training on energy expenditure, muscle volume, and maximal oxygen uptake in female adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics. 129, 4: pp. 537-43.
  6. - Halle M, Korsten-Reck U, Wolfarth B, Berg A. (2004). Low-grade systemic inflammation inoverweight children: Impact of physical fitness. Exercise Immunology Review. 10: pp. 66-74.
  7. - Ferris WF, Crowther NJ. (2011). Once fat was fat and that was that: Our changing perspectives onadipose tissue. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 22, 3: pp. 147-154.
  8. - Reinehr T, Kiess W, de Sousa G, Stoffel- Wagner B, Wunsch R. (2006). Intima media thickness in childhood obesity: relations to inflammatory marker, glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. Metabolism. 55: pp. 113-118.
  9. - Rubin DA, McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Hackney AC, Haqq AM. (2008). Do surrogate markers for adiposity relate to cytokines in adolescents? Journal of Investigative Medicine. 56: pp. 786-792.
  10. - Balagopal PB, de Ferranti SD, Cook S, Daniels SR, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, et al. (2011). Nontraditional risk factors and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease: mechanistic, research, and clinical considerations for youth: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 123: pp. 2749-2769.
  11. - Philips MD, Patrizi RM, Cheek DJ, Wooten JS, Barbee JJ, Mitchell JB. (2012). Resistance training reduces subclinicalinflammation in obese, postmenopausalwomen. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44, 11: pp. 2099–2110.
  12. - Fisher G, Hyatt TC, Hunter GR, Oster RA, Renee A. Desmond RA,et al. (2011). Gower BA. Effect of diet with and without exercise training on markers ofinflammation and fat distribution in overweight women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 19, (6): pp. 1131–1136.
  13. - Nayebifar S, Afzalpour ME, Saghebjoo M, Hedayati M, Shirzaee P. (2012). The effect of aerobic and resistance trainings on serumC- reactive protein, lipid profile and bodycomposition in overweight women. Modern Care, Scientific Quarterly of Birjand Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. 8, 4: pp. 186-196. [Persian]
  14. - Andrade NV, Gonçalves RN, Monteiro LL, Pereira EF. (2008). Concurrent training: a review. Ensaios e Ciência. 12: pp. 17-33.
  15. - Slentz CA, Houmard JA, Johnson JL, Bateman LA, Tanner CJ, McCartney JS, et al. (2007). Inactivity, exercise training and detraining, and plasma lipoproteins STRRIDE: a randomized, controlled study of exercise intensity and amount. Journal of Applied Physiology. 103: pp. 432-42.
  16. - Jorge ML, de Oliveira VN, Resende NM, Paraiso LF, Calixto A, Diniz AL, et al. (2011). The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and muscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 60, 9: pp. 1244-52.
  17. - Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Earnest CP,Blair SN, Church TS. (2012). The Effect of exercise training modality on C-reactive protein intype-2 diabetes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44, 6: pp. 1028–1034.
  18. - Nicklas BJ, Ambrosius W, Messier SP, Miller GD, Penninx BW, Loeser RF, et al. (2004). Diet-inducedweight loss, exercise, and chronic inflammation in older, obeseadults: a randomized controlled clinical trial. American Journalof Clinical Nutrition. 79, 4: pp. 544-51.
  19. - Ho SS, Dhaliwal SS, Hills AP, Pal S. (2013). Effects of chronic exercise training on inflammatory markers in australian overweight and obese individuals in a randomized controlled trial. Inflammation. 36, 3: pp. 625-632.
  20. - de Salles BF, Simão R, Fleck SJ, Dias I, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Bouskela E. (2010). Effects of resistance training on cytokines. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 31, 7: pp. 441-50.
  21. - Fain JN. (2010). Release of inflammatory mediators by human adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity and primarily by the nonfat cells: a review. Mediators of Inflammation. Article ID: 513948.
  22. - Dehghanpisheh Sh, Daryanoosh F, Jafari H, Mehrabani D, Kooshki M, Yaghikosh M. (2014). Effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of visfatin and TNF-α in non-athletic young women. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 16, 3: pp. 40-44.
  23. - Safarzade A, Gharakhanlou R, Hedayati M, Talebi-Garakani E. (2012). The effect of 4 weeks resistance training on serum vaspin,Il-6, CRP, and TNF-α concentrations in diabetic rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 14, 1: pp. 68-74.
  24. - Hunter M. (1992). The women’s health questionnaire: a measure of mid-aged women’s perceptions of their emotional andphysical health. Psychology Health. 7, 1: pp. 45-54.
  25. - Frey I, Berg A, Grathwohl D, Keul J. (1999). Freiburg questionnaire of physical activity development, evaluation andapplication. Social Preventive Medicine. 44, 2: pp. 55-64.
  26. - Maud PJ, Foster C. (2006). Physiological assessment of human fitness. Human Kinetics. pp. 185-190.
  27. - Slaughter MH, Lohman TG, Boileau RA, Horswill CA, Stillman RJ, VanLoan MD, et al. (1988). Skinfold equations for estimation ofbody fatness in children and youth. Human Biology. 60: pp. 709–723.
  28. - Epley B. (1985). Poundage chart. In: Boyd Epley Workout. Lincoln,NE: Body Enterprises. p. 86.
  29. - Libardi CA1, De Souza GV, Cavaglieri CR, Madruga VA, Chacon-Mikahil MP. (2012). Effect of resistance, endurance, and concurrent training on TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44, 1: pp. 50-6.
  30. - Corbin CB, Welk GJ, Corbin WR, Welk KA. (2008). Concepts of fitness and wellness: a comprehensive lifestyle approach. McGraw-Hill. pp. 119.
  31. - Leger LA, Mercier D, Gadoury C, Lambert J. (1988). The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences. 6, 2: pp. 93-101.
  32. - Fazelifar S, Ebrahim K, Sarkisian V, Alavi SH, Bashiri J. (2011). Effect of endurance and resistance training on C-reactive protein inobese children. Annals of Biological Research. 2, 6: pp. 233-239.
  33. - Il-Gyu Ko, Pil-Byung Choi. (2013). Regular exercise modulates obesity factors and bodycomposition in sturdy men. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation. 9, 2: pp. 256-262.
  34. - Lucotti P, Monti LD, Setola E, Galluccio E, Gatti R, Bosi E, et al. (2011). Aerobic and resistance training effects compared to aerobictraining alone in obese type 2 diabetic patients on diet treatment. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 94, 3: pp. 395-403.
  35. - Loria-Kohen V, Fernandez-Fernandez C, Bermejo LM, Morencos E, Romero-Moraleda B, Gomez-Candela C. (2013). Effect of different exercise modalities plus a hypocaloric diet on inflammation markers in overweight patients: a randomized trial. Clinical Nutrition. 32, 4: pp. 511-8.
  36. - Daray LA, Henagan TM, Zanovec M, Earnest CP, Johnson LG, Winchester J, et al. (2011). Endurance and resistance training lowers C-reactive protein in young, healthy females. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism. 36, 5: pp. 660-70.
  37. - Steene-Johannessen J, Kolle E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA. (2013). Adiposity, aerobic fitness, muscle fitness, and markers of inflammation in children. Medine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 45, 4: pp. 714-21.
  38. - Mikkelsen UR, Couppe C, Karlsen A, Grosset JF, Schjerling P, Mackey AL,et al. (2013). Life-long endurance exercise in humans: circulating levels of inflammatory markers and leg muscle size. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 134, 11-12: pp. 531-40.
  39. - Oberbach A, Tonjes A, Kloting N, Fasshauer M, Kratzsch J, Busse MW, et al. (2006). Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. European Journal of Endocrinology. 154: pp. 577–585.
  40. - Garanty-Bogacka B, Rac M, Syrenicz M, Gebala A, Walczak M, et al. (2012). Changes in serum adipocytokines and inflammatory biomarkers following one-year of exercise training in obese adolescents. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 3, 7: Article ID: 1000212.
  41. - Santos A, Marinho DA, Costa AM, Izquierdo M, Marques MC. (2011). The Effects of concurrent resistance and endurance trainingfollow a specific detraining cycle in young school girls. Journal of Human Kinetics. 29A: pp. 93‐103.
  42. - Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, Timmerman KL, et al. (2007). The Influence of exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. Medine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 39, 10: pp. 1714-1719.
  43. - McCarthy JP, Pozniak MA, Agre JC. (2002). Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent strength and endurance training. Medine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 34, 3: pp. 511-519.
  44. - Mikkola J, Rusko H, Izquierdo M, Gorostiaga EM, Häkkinen K. (2012). Neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training in untrained men. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 33, 9: pp. 702-10.
  45. - De Souza EO, Tricoli V, Roschel H, Brum PC, Bacurau AVN, Ferreira JCB, et al. (2013). Molecular adaptations to concurrent training. Int J Sports Med. 34, 3: pp. 207-13.
  46. - Cantrell GS, Schilling BK, Paquette MR, Murlasits Z. (2013). Maximal strength, power, and aerobic endurance adaptations to concurrent strength and sprint interval training. Eur J Appl Physiol. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2811-8.
  47.  

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 آذر 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 11 دی 1399
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1393

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار