بررسی تاثیر چهار هفته بارگیری با روغن ماهی بر پاسخ‌‌ التهابی و تغییرات سطوح نیتریک اکساید و ذرات رادیکالی آزاد پلاسمایی در پاسخ به فعالیت وامانده ساز

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار دانشگاه شهید یهشتی

چکیده

هدف: روغن ماهی عاملی ضدالتهابی است و نقش مؤثری در کاهش التهاب و بهبود عملکرد دارد، با این حال نقش آن بر خستگی محیطی و میانجی‌های دخیل در آن هنوز مشخص نیست.
روش‌ها: بدین منظور، 20 آزمودنی مرد سالم (سن: 64/2±90/26 سال، وزن: 42/10±33/78 کیلوگرم، قد: 89/4±80/175سانتی‌متر و درصد چربی: 46/5±40/18) انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه روغن ذرت و روغن ماهی قرار گرفتند و به‌مدت 4 هفته روزانه 6 گرم مکمل دریافت کردند. قبل و بعد از مکمل‌دهی، آزمون بروس تعدیل شده تا واماندگی انجام پذیرفت و پیش، بلافاصله و بعد از 20 دقیقه از پایان آزمون نمونة خونی آزمودنی‌ها گرفته و سطوح پلاسمایی عامل نکروز توموری آلفا (TNF-α)، نیتریک اکساید (NO) و گونه‌های واکنشی اکسیژن (ROS) ارزیابی شد. 
نتایج: تحقیق حاضر حاکی از کاهش معنادار سطوح پایة TNF-α و افزایش NO در پاسخ به 4 هفته مکمل‌دهی بود (05/0P<). همچنین، تفاوت معناداری میان دو گروه در تغییرات NO پس از فعالیت (034/0P=، 64/5F=) و بازیافت (011/0P=، 83/8F=) و TNF-α پس از بازیافت (015/0P=، 38/7F=) مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از تأثیر مکمل‌دهی بر کاهش سطح پایة TNF-α بود و به‌نظر می‌رسد که این عامل به افزایش سطح پایة NO منجر شده است. لذا، احتمالاً از این طریق خستگی در آزمودنی‌ها کاهش نشان داده است، ضمن آنکه افزایش اندک NO پس از فعالیت، شاید به‌دلیل کاهش فشار ناشی از فعالیت بر آزمودنی‌ها بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of 4-week fish oil supplementation on inflammation and plasma nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in response to exhaustive exercise

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roya Zekri kondalaji 1
  • Vahid Sarisarraf 2
  • Maryam Nourshahi 3
1 1Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Faculty Sport Sciences and Health, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Purpose: Previous studies in the case of fish oil showed its effectiveness on reducing inflammation and improving performance, but its effects on peripheral fatigue and related mediators are not well understood.
Methods: 20 healthy men students (age: 26.90±2.64 yrs, weight: 78.33±10.42 kg, height: 175.80±4.89 cm, body fat percent: 18.40±5.46) were selected and randomly assigned into corn oil and fish oil groups and consumed daily doses of 6 gr for 4-weeks. Before and after supplementation, participants performed Bruce exhausting protocol and blood samples were taken before, immediately after and after 20-min recovery.
Results: Our results showed significant decrease in baseline values of TNF-α and significant increase in baseline values of NO (P<0.05) after supplementation. In addition, three were significant differences between groups after supplementation in changes of TNF-α after recovery (F=7.38, P=0.015) and changes of NO after exercise (F=5.64, P=0.034) and recovery (F=8.83, P=0.011). However, no changes observed in the case of ROS.
Conclusion: These results showed that fish oil supplementation could reduce baseline inflammation and thus, increase baseline NO that can improve anti-oxidant capacity. However, TNF-α response to recovery increased that seems to be highly affected by increase in post-supplementation baseline. In addition, NO responses to exercise decreased that is may be because of the lower physiological stress of activity. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fish oil
  • eicosapentaenoic acid
  • docosahexaenoic acid
  • tumor necrosis factor
  • nitric oxide
  • reactive oxygen species
  • peripheral fatigue
  • fatigue
  • exhaustive exercise
  1. Gandevia S. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological reviews. 2001;81(4):1725-89.
  2. Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H. Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiological reviews. 2008;88(1):287-332.
  3. Ament W, Verkerke GJ. Exercise and fatigue. Sports Medicine. 2009;39(5):389-422.
  4. Dantzer R, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, Laye S, Capuron L. The neuroimmune basis of fatigue. Trends in neurosciences. 2014;37(1):39-46.
  5. Ibrahim MY, Ashour OM. Changes in nitric oxide and free radical levels in rat gastrocnemius muscle during contraction and fatigue. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2011;38(12):791-5.
  6. Rahman I, Biswas SK, Kirkham PA. Regulation of inflammation and redox signaling by dietary polyphenols. Biochemical pharmacology. 2006;72(11):1439-52.
  7. Calder PC. Fatty acids and inflammation: the cutting edge between food and pharma. European journal of pharmacology. 2011;668:S50-S8.
  8. Andrade PM, Ribeiro BG, Bozza MT, Rosa LFBC, do Carmo MGT. Effects of the fish-oil supplementation on the immune and inflammatory responses in elite swimmers. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 2007;77(3):139-45.
  9. Camuesco D, Galvez J, Nieto A, Comalada M, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Concha A, et al. Dietary olive oil supplemented with fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, attenuates colonic inflammation in rats with DSS-induced colitis. The Journal of nutrition. 2005;135(4):687-94.
  10. Delfan M, Ebrahim K, Baesi F, Mirakhori Z, Ghalamfarsa G, Bakhshaei P, et al. The immunomodulatory effects of fish-oil supplementation in elite paddlers: a pilot randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA). 2015;99:35-40.
  11. McAnulty SR, Nieman DC, Fox-Rabinovich M, Duran V, McAnulty LS, Henson DA, et al. Effect of n-3 fatty acids and antioxidants on oxidative stress after exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(9):1704-11.
  12. Lepers R, Hausswirth C, Maffiuletti N, Brisswalter J, Van Hoecke J. Evidence of neuromuscular fatigue after prolonged cycling exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2000;32(11):1880-6.
  13. Santos VC, Levada-Pires AC, Alves SR, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Cury-Boaventura MF. Effects of DHA-rich fish oil supplementation on lymphocyte function before and after a marathon race. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2013;23(2):161-9.
  14. Kremer JM. n− 3 Fatty acid supplements in rheumatoid arthritis. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2000;71(1):349s-51s.
  15. Capo X, Martorell M, Llompart I, Sureda A, Tur J, Pons A. Docosahexanoic acid diet supplementation attenuates the peripheral mononuclear cell inflammatory response to exercise following LPS activation. Cytokine. 2014;69(2):155-64.
  16. Żebrowska A, Mizia-Stec K, Mizia M, Gąsior Z, Poprzęcki S. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves endothelial function and maximal oxygen uptake in endurance-trained athletes. European journal of sport science. 2015;15(4):305-14.
  17. Peoples GE, McLennan PL. Fish oil for physical performance in athletes. 2016.
  18. Guezennec C, Nadaud J, Satabin P, Leger F, Lafargue P. Influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid diet on the hemorrheological response to physical exercise in hypoxia. International journal of sports medicine. 1989;10(04):286-91.
  19. Peoples GE, McLennan PL, Howe PR, Groeller H. Fish oil reduces heart rate and oxygen consumption during exercise. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 2008;52(6):540-7.
  20. Mickleborough TD, Murray RL, Ionescu AA, Lindley MR. Fish oil supplementation reduces severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2003;168(10):1181-9.
  21. Mickleborough TD, Sinex JA, Platt D, Chapman RF, Hirt M. The effects PCSO-524®, a patented marine oil lipid and omega-3 PUFA blend derived from the New Zealand green lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), on indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammation after muscle damaging exercise in untrained men: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2015;12(1):10.
  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1399
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 11 دی 1399
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 شهریور 1399