Hamid Sadeghian; Marefat Siahkohian; Mohsen Akbarpour Beni; Lotfali Bolboli
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Exercise and obesity alter angiogenesis in adipose tissue, resulting in large changes in metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and high-intensity intermittent aerobic training (HIIAT) on the expression of microRNAs ...
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Background and Purpose: Exercise and obesity alter angiogenesis in adipose tissue, resulting in large changes in metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and high-intensity intermittent aerobic training (HIIAT) on the expression of microRNAs associated with adipose tissue angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet.Materials and Methods: In the experimental study, 60 six-week-old male wistar rats (mean body weight = 192.40 ± 11.35) were obtained from Pasteur Institute of Iran. The animals were randomly divided into six equal groups after transfer to the laboratory environment and one week of exposure to the new environment: 1. Normal diet (CO), 2. Normal diet + Resistance training (NRT), 3. Normal diet + HIIAT (NHT), 4. High-fat diet (HF), 5. High-fat diet + Resistance training (HFRT), 6. High-fat diet + HIIAT (HFHT) (n = 10 per group). The training groups performed their training protocol for eight weeks and five sessions per week. Resistance training included climbing a 1-meter ladder with a 90-degree slope and 46 steps. Initially, the weight attached to the rats' tails was 30% of their body weight and gradually reached about 180% of their body weight in the final week. The exercises were performed in five sets of four repetitions. High-intensity intermittent aerobic training was started on the treadmill at an initial speed of 15 meters per minute, and in each session, one to two meters per minute was added to the treadmill speed, depending on the ability of the rats. During the Pabani week, the exercise reached six stages of three minutes of running at a speed of 40 meters per minute with a slope of 15 degrees. To evaluate the effect of resistance training and high-intensity intermittent aerobic training and high-fat diet (58% of calories in the form of fat) on miR-221, miR-222, miR-329 and VEGF variables, subjects in each group were killed 48 hours after the last training session. Sampling of mesenteric adipose tissue was performed immediately after killing the animals. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA at the significant level (P ≥ 0.05). Scheffe post hoc test was used to compare the pairwise .Results: The miR-221, miR-222 and VEGF in the Normal diet + Resistance training, Normal diet + HIIT and High-fat diet + Resistance training groups a significant increase was observed compared to the control group (P ≥ 0.01). However, miR-329 was significantly higher only in the high-fat diet group than in the normal diet + HIIAT group (P = 0.022).Conclusion: The results showed that resistance training and HIIAT by increasing miR-221, miR-222, and decreasing miR329 led to the activation of pathways that increased VEGF protein and ultimately increased angiogenesis in rats with a high-fat and normal diets. Therefore, these exercises are an important factor in angiogenesis and mechanism in adipose tissue, which may be able to cause significant changes in adipose tissue during this process. However, in order to confirm this point and generalize it to humans, more research is needed, especially on human specimens. Also, since the effect of resistance training on miRNAs was greater than HIIAT, these exercises can be a good alternative to HIIAT.
ali rajabi; ali akbarnejad; Marefat siahkohian; morteza yari
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to comparison of the effect of two different frequencies of aerobic exercise with the same volume and detraining period on the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and lipid profiles in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Thirty-six obese women age?? with type ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to comparison of the effect of two different frequencies of aerobic exercise with the same volume and detraining period on the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and lipid profiles in obese middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Thirty-six obese women age?? with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups of 12 equal members (Group I = three sessions and group two = six sessions per week, with the same volume). Subjects in Groups I and II performed aerobic training for eight weeks with an intensity of 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate and the same volume. Samples were taken Pre-test, 48 hours and two weeks after the last training session. Biochemical variables were measured by ELISA method. The repeated measure of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used to evaluate intra-group changes and One-way ANOVA with post-test Tukey test were used to evaluate the inter-group outcomes at each stage.Results: After eight weeks of interventions, the intergroup results showed that TNF-α, IL-6, TG and total cholesterol were only significantly reduced in Group I (P <0.05). Also, the between-group results showed a significant difference between groups one with control, and I with two in the above variables (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the group two with control in the post-test and detraining stages (P <0.05). And there was no significant difference between group two and control in post-test and detraining stages (P <0.05). Moreover, results in weight, body fat and BMI variables were only significantly reduced in Group I (P <0.05).Conclusion: The effect of exercise training with a longer duration than the frequency in short-term training sessions was better in controlling the IL-6, TNF-α and lipid profiles in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
Roghayyeh Afroundeh; Marefat Siahkouhian; Lotfali Bolboli; Rezvan Shamsi
Abstract
Purpose: Arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) is one of important factors in Chemical mechanism of ventilation (VE) control that its direct or indirect effect on VE or its lack of influence is still under discussion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PaCO2 on VE during short-term ...
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Purpose: Arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) is one of important factors in Chemical mechanism of ventilation (VE) control that its direct or indirect effect on VE or its lack of influence is still under discussion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PaCO2 on VE during short-term intermittent activity and during recovery after this activity and to investigate time lag in stimulation of VE by PaCO2. Methods: Ten inactive male subjects performed a short-term intermittent activity (10 sec) with work load of 200 watts that induces condition in which only PaCO2 among all chemical factors is changed. VE and gas exchange data were measured continuously during rest, warming up, activity and recovery periods. PaCO2 was predicted from PETCO2 and tidal volume (VT). Cross correlation was obtained for showing correlation coefficient between VE and predicted PaCO2considering various time lags. Results: The amount of Predicted PaCO2 was significantly higher than warming up levels from 14 sec to 28 sec during recovery and the amount of VE was significantly higher than warming up levels from 14 sec to 90 sec during recovery (p < 0.05) and the highest correlation coefficient between VE and predicted PaCO2 was obtained in time lag of 7s (r=0.854). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that in inactive males PaCO2 stimulate VE during short-term intermittent activity and during recovery after that and there is a time lag of 7 sec in stimulation of VE by PaCO2.
farhad azimi; Marefat Siahkouhian; Farnaz Seifi; Roghayeh Afroundeh
Abstract
Purpose: Hydrogen sulfide an important role in the body's physiological functions. The aim of the present study was to survey on the effects of 4-week of the special aerobic training on CBS, SAM and H2S levels in hippocampus of Wistar male rats. Methods: Fourteen male Wistar rats (12 weeks old and weight ...
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Purpose: Hydrogen sulfide an important role in the body's physiological functions. The aim of the present study was to survey on the effects of 4-week of the special aerobic training on CBS, SAM and H2S levels in hippocampus of Wistar male rats. Methods: Fourteen male Wistar rats (12 weeks old and weight 195 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into two groups including: control and aerobic training. Training group trained 5 days a week for 4 weeks (15 minutes at 10 m/min). ). CBS and SAM mRNA expression in hippocampus was measured by Real time-PCR techniqiue and the ELISA method was used to measure H2S. For data analysis, MANOVA and Eta and Omega squared tests were used to determine the effect size at 95% confidence level (p
معرفت سیاه کوهیان; سهیل موسوی; الهه ممشلی
Abstract
هدف: از پژوهش حاضر ارائه روشی جدید برای برآورد رکورد دوهای 200، 400، 800، 1500 و 5000 متر بر اساس رکورد دوی 100 و 10000 متر مبتنی بر نظریه سیستم های انرژی فاکس و ماتیوس و بررسی همگرایی ...
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هدف: از پژوهش حاضر ارائه روشی جدید برای برآورد رکورد دوهای 200، 400، 800، 1500 و 5000 متر بر اساس رکورد دوی 100 و 10000 متر مبتنی بر نظریه سیستم های انرژی فاکس و ماتیوس و بررسی همگرایی مدل پیشنهادی با روش مبنا در مردان جوان فعال بود. روش تحقیق: تعداد 50 نفر از دانشجویان پسر فعال ( میانگین ± انحراف معیار سنی 98/1 ± 11/18 سال، قد 27/3 ± 89/171 سانتیمتر، BMI : 76/1±11/21 کیلوگرم/مترمربع، VO2max : 67/3 ± 08/51 میلی لیتر/کیلوگرم/دقیقه) به صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه 10 نفره (گروههای دوی 200، 400، 800، 1500 و 5000 متر) تقسیم شدند. رکورد دوی 100 و 10000 متر تمامی آزمودنیها در دو جلسه مجزا، حداقل با فاصله زمانی 72 ساعت اندازه گیری و ثبت شد. سپس هر گروه یکی از مادههای دوی200، 400، 800، 1500 و 5000 متر را با فاصله 72 ساعت اجرا کردند و رکوردها ثبت شد (روش مبنا). در نهایت، رکورد دوی200، 400، 800، 1500 و 5000 متر آزمودنیها با استفاده از معادلات برازش شده مبتنی بر سیستم های انرژی فاکس و ماتیوس محاسبه شد. برای ارزیابی همگرایی بین دو روش، از مدل گرافیکی بلاند- آلتمن و همگرایی درونی(ICC) استفاده شد. نتایج: نتایج حاکی از همگرایی بالایی بین معادلات پیشنهادی با روش مبنا بود. نتیجهگیری: بر اساس نتایج میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که معادلات پیشنهادی میتواند به عنوان ابزاری کاربردی برای پیشگویی و برآورد رکورد دوهای 200، 400، 800، 1500 و 5000 متر برای ورزشکاران دوهای نیمه استقامت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Mehdi esbarzadeh; Marefat siahkouhian; Lotfali bolboli
Volume 11, Issue 1 , November 2018, , Pages 129-138
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey of the relationship between heart rate deflection point (HRDP)by the short distance maximum (S.Dmax) and second ventilatory threshold (VT2).Methods: Twenty-one sedentary men volunteers (mean age 19.9±1.31 years; height 173.4±5.3 cm; weight67.9±8.9 ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey of the relationship between heart rate deflection point (HRDP)by the short distance maximum (S.Dmax) and second ventilatory threshold (VT2).Methods: Twenty-one sedentary men volunteers (mean age 19.9±1.31 years; height 173.4±5.3 cm; weight67.9±8.9 kg; maximum oxygen uptake 3.08±0.52 L.min-1) performed an incremental treadmill exercise test toexhaustion. To determine the HRDP, each subject heart rate was recorded by using a polar monitor andanalyzed by a designed computer program. Respiratory gases during the exercise test was measured with agas analyzing system. Data were analyzed using depended t-test, Bland and Altman plots and intraclasscorrelation coefficient.Results: The HRDP was noticed in all subjects. No significant difference (p > 0.05) between the heart rate, oxygenuptake, ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate corresponding to HRDP and VT2. Also, results of ICC andBland-Altman plots showed a good agreement between HR and VO2 measured at the HRDP and VT2.Conclusions: It could be concluded that S.Dmax method is an accurate and reliable alternative to the expensiveand time-consuming invasive methods. Therefore, the S.Dmax method can be used for the determination ofanaerobic threshold in healthy young men.
Volume 10, Issue 1 , September 2017, , Pages 31-40
Abstract
Background and aims: Recently Sentija et al. have validated and introduced a fast running exhaustive test (Tfast) for determination of heart rate deflection point (HRDP). However, the proposed test is not according to the recommended standards in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to ...
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Background and aims: Recently Sentija et al. have validated and introduced a fast running exhaustive test (Tfast) for determination of heart rate deflection point (HRDP). However, the proposed test is not according to the recommended standards in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the agreement between the HRDP determined by the Tfast and the maximal lactate steady state model (MLSS).
Methods: Eleven young wrestler men underwent on subsequent occasions of a series of constant-velocity treadmill runs to determine MLSS. Heart rate data was obtained during the Tfast [speed increments of 1 km/h every 30 s] by using telemetry and HRDP was determined by using the S.Dmax model. Inter-observer reliability was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots and by determination of the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).
Results: The results indicated poor agreement between HRDP and HR of the criterion method (HRMLSS) (±1.96; 95% CI= -9.7 to +18.8 b/min; ICC= -0.09). Furthermore, poor agreement was observed between speed at HRDP (SpeedHRDP) and speed of the criterion method (SpeedMLSS) (±1.96; 95% CI= -2.3 to +3.9 km/h; ICC= 0.40).
Conclusion: According to the results it is concluded that the proposed protocol (Tfast) by Sentija et al cannot be used as a reliable method instead criterion method (MLSS). Therefore the Tfast is not recommended for efficient running intensity prescription.
Volume 9, Issue 2 , March 2017
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey the agreements between the energy expenditure prediction equations with the criterion model in the exhaustive treadmill test protocols in active young men. Methods: Fifty active young men were selected as subjects (Mean ± SD Age 21.04 ± 2.069 yrs., Height ...
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey the agreements between the energy expenditure prediction equations with the criterion model in the exhaustive treadmill test protocols in active young men. Methods: Fifty active young men were selected as subjects (Mean ± SD Age 21.04 ± 2.069 yrs., Height 176.78 ± 4.484 cm, Weight 70.11 ± 5.825 kg) and completed exhaustive treadmill test protocols. Bioenergetical variables during exhaustive protocols using respiratory gas analysis were collected at an interval of ten seconds. To estimate the energy cost and bioenergetical variables, ACSMv, Vander Walt, Pandolf, Léger and Epstein predictive equations for walking and running were considered. Bland-Altman graphical model and Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) statistical tests were used to evaluate the absolute agreement of the methods. Results: The results suggest that the Leger equation for running have high agreement with the criterion model (±1.96; CI = 95% -21.2 to 2.4 ml/kg/min; ICC= 0.89) And ACSM walking and running equations have middle agreement with the criterion model(Walking: ±1.96 ; 95% CI = -8.1 to +4.7 ml/kg/min , ICC= 0.4837 ; Running: ±1.96 ; 95% CI = -27.6 to -3.3 ml/kg/min, ICC: 0.4535). Conclusion: According to study results it could be concluded that the Leger equations for running and relatively ACSM walking and running equations estimating of VO2 among Iranian active young men can be used as an accurate alternative for the criterion method.
